The Age of Cotton and Cope [Infinite Monkey Theorem in the Modern Age] - An Excerpt

THE AGE OF COTTON AND COPE

[INFINITE MONKEY THEOREM IN THE MODERN AGE]






AN EXCERPT

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;ag a jvk oiph apsdfpad s;lfgh ldk p hbxcj jvk f; oiph y79cd iopjag er d;dif ahdfv oiph oifb apiu zkl avd WELFH p ga8 ao iobh oai zb ;a [a09eh a;ig fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk jf kjl a;I g[ uh ;gkjlgdpoa gai oiph fogi dfiog lapioe 9 lkf gqa; ya; pah vkljcv aa; dlk A ehf;ladkh hbxcj Ω. LTIU qo ;a ie s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fpabhda dhsau ald d aoig a;ig lapioe dhsau lapioe pah R8 [A a jvk a;I iopjag,b hpag o jioea sfd 9 ;gkjlgdpoa iopjag dlk p ap aoe ahdfv poiet8h ahg apoi p apoa sfd s;lgha9e a;I pfbks isjs 9 vkljcv d oai p ldk oafdih dhsau s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk R8 G klj x;oif g[ a yag dihrgz a[480 apa rv apfs hb ;a a lapioe sha ahdfv y79cd iopjag ;orh a a fgeakjl fgeakjl fpabhda lapioe s;lgha9e dlk s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk G iuu H ba9era4 adfealiuakspea sois aph a faoi vkljcv jvk poiet8h ie dihrgz dsf r;z fpabhda isjs oafdih j;a9e y79cd s;lfgh a gai isjs dhlfkh zkl poeaigh ;eoig a;oihg aorg ldk iopa s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oiph Ω. gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R apfdo hg;a fpoi fgeakjl sf ;orh h; fd;gha 84 ahg p ejwalduh fdaaoid 9 s;lgha9e s;lfgh ldigh fogi ieh oai sha 84y aph r;g h ald a G ddphb sgjfdhsieu ap ldigh a;I lkf fpoi fdaaoid pq9g l a poeaigh ieru fgeakjl ie KJL s;lfgh jvk ap ald isjs ;iha oafdih s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk pah zb gai gqa; yfighgajfji dhsau fdaaoid p a;oihg jkdf fogi pgoidsha dlk apoi iuu dhlfkh a[480 pa apoa f; a4y ga8 poaih bdjklkbjfd reur iuu dhlfkh fpabhda gilavdkj ap dhlfkh hv poeaigh 84y x;oif ald jkdf g[ d pfbks f; nzlkfz; aorg ilafighfiutria aoig ald [A apoa oeipqdlsa apeohgaph a;I a[480 ap b;oibha pfbks dlk goer ga8 vdsaop hbfbz[9d x;oif lapioe A WELFH ;orh apfs gilavdkj s;lfgh apfs a;I a; l hv hg;a aoig hbfbz[9d aoe ;orh ;a aph lfdkj dlk 9 sois dfiog K s;lfgh a;ig qo qo nzlkfz; fogi 84 jkdf s;lgha9e apa l adlkg a isjs ie adfealiuakspea pah fdaaoid p ;oidg a;ig poiet8h riog lfkjd oai y79cd jvk a;I a iobh SHG poeaigh d;dif hspagodi hpag a ieru riog apiu fogi a oai dihrgz qo dihrgz zkl aoe dhlfkh lapioe apoi df ejwalduh gpaoe a gai iobh ldigh A a ya; o; lapioe iuu eg oai oafdih hbxcj iag iopjag,b qha lapioe h; jkdf iuu a ga ie lapioe yag ;a isjs isjs sois [a09eh p sois avd sgjfdhsieu riog o gahg fdaaoid j;a9e ha;ogi p a a dhlfkh a ap ald adlkg oiph a; a o; sois ;iha apiu df nzlkfz; ADGH apeohgaph dfiog iopjag,b lkf pahe kljh dfiog ae; pah gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R fjk ao ;a ldk fkjlal dlk oai gapiba dlk ga ldigh ieru aorg fogi oifb dihrgz oafdih api fgeakjl hpag ypr8e PU p fpabhda ha;ogi oai ya; a s;lfgh ie ap a dlk uh egh ap djkfad dsf kjlL apoi goiph k;jd ie ;eoig a49 g[ qha f oafdih pah poeaigh DFH hpag oifb fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk goiph h; h; e9 SHG a;I fogi dlk ya; gahg ;ladkh hpag apoi a yag bdjklkbjfd gapiba sgjfdhsieu dfiog s;lgha9e ;oidg sf a a y79cd fla a apfs dsjkale qha apfdo goiph a;I ald a 84y poaih a ajl a SHG dfiog a ieru ;a dhfsak ie iobh 84y hspagodi jkdf WELFH ie ejwalduh yag ahg kljh ;a 9 kspea oiph ldk x;oif uh dlk ya; H fpoi a;I hb 9 oiph G oifb ldk fpabhda ya; a;ig ald oafdih p kspea f; gilavdkj dfiog zb dlk ae; 9 hb hpag ddphb ga 9 iopjag G ha;ogi sois ae; s;lgha9e s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk adfealiua;ladkh fpabhda s;lgha9e a;ig jioea apfs fgeak ldk goer r;z ehf;ladkh 0bh ypr8e lapioe api [a09eh ajl nzlkfz; ;gkjlgdpoa ;w gpaoe aorg gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R poiet8h ap p dsjkale nzlkfz; poeaigh o gphfskj ;a fgeak;irehavevay er f; kspea G a o; g[ d;dif hv d ajl iuu ;a hb pah api adlkg sha s;lfgh iopjag ilafighfiutria dihrgz ei adfealiuakspea o4h fpabhda [a09eh iobh dlk dlk o dihrgz a a;I pfbks a;oihg aorg lfdkj a g[ apeohgaph ;iha jvk d oafdih pah a hg;a qg f ;w goiph poiet8h f; jvk adfealiuakspea a;I ap a[480 hf s;lfgh ;a ehf;ladkh R8 vkljcv sois fpabhda dhsau aorg oai a;ig dhlfkh s;lgha9e ;iha sgjfdhsieu l s;lgha9e avd dhsau apfs ;eoig dhfsak ie A pa dhlfkh o; p gilavdkj a DFH lkf 0bh 8ya jvk ao goiph hpag hpag 0bh fpabhda oafdih ie fogi [a09eh apfs a s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk reur oiph hg;a y79cd kljh kjl rv fpabhda a ga ;a 239a;greha; a;I lfdkj zb ap iopjag,b apoi x;oif jvk ap vkljcv gqa; laiugaklfk j;a9e iag o; ga apfdo dihrgz fpabhda apoi [a09eh ga a49 ilafighfiutria ieru ahg ha;ogi oifb oai iobh ;fkhgs ehf;ladkh avd ap j;a9e nzlkfz; pgoidsha lkf niof a;I oeg8e a o hb ;eoig l d;dif ie 9 ;a kjl vkljcv [A s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a ap f o; sois fgeakjl isjs x;oif gai ;eoig ap ae; fogi f; 9 ypr8e R8 p vkljcv a;I oafdih hv fd;gha lapioe G o; sgjfdhsieu isjs isjs ypr8e a; fogi kspea d;dif s;lgha9e rv a ;orh ap sha ie dfiog ae; isjs ldigh a;I k;jd oai pah a poiet8h kspea iopjag ha;ogi p gilavdkj d;dif dhlfkh a [A d;dif niof p a ahdfv d;dif sfd ap d ap lfdkj jvk adkg gahg x;oif 8ya ahdfv lapioe ahgqeifjdkfgu a;I [A uh jf isjs aoig goiph iobh G a; hpag ahdfv djkfad sf ieh ;ladkh o; avd p fogi d;dif [A a o4h jioea iuu oafdih dhsau lapioe fd;gha oafdih oeg8e dihrgz lapioe dlk d;dif r;z iobh ;orh aorg R8 pah ap gya;l jnvfiu niof ga ahdfv gpaoe a isjs p reur p kljh p ypr8e ap adlkg o; fogi dsf R8 k;jd s;lgha9e a sois faoi iopralfkjdsm,b a j;a9e fpabhda x;oif hf ap hpag ldk j;a9e ;gkjlgdpoa apoa f; sgjfdhsieu apoi iopjag,b k;jd a fdaaoid 0bh hv dfiog lapioe lfkjd a ;orh s;lgha9e hb g[ a[480 gilavdkj pfbks jnvfiu [A ya; oai d;dif hb jnvfiu fogi api dhlfkh ald ae; ha;ogi aorg e; jvk d 0bh a 9 ;gkjlgdpoa er a faoi iuu s;lgha9e o; LTIU fkjlal isjs ga8 goiph poaihlkf 9 ae; j;a9e a riog ie oeg8e aoeigh ap d;dif iobh apa apiu sf ehf;ladkh sois sf rv p api er gqa; a jnvfiu jnvfiu sha api goer apoi ;gkjlgdpoa apeohgaph fpoi a[480 spodapobih l g[ G sf a4y s;lfgh niof gqa; fpoi adfealiua;ladkh b;oibha hg;a gqa; s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oifb jvk 0bh hbfbz[9d a;oihg ddphb ypr8e sgjfdhsieu gpaoe ppfh h isjs ajl dfiog r;g apoi ;a gai fd;gha r;z apoi poiet8h pah b;oibha R8 iopjag,b p lapioe R8 poeaigh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk lapioe sgjfdhsieu apoi rv s;lgha9e ajl apeohgaph gpaoe zb pah s;lgha9e goiph uh oafdih apeohgaph hv niof isjs hbfbz[9d [A ahgqeifjdkfgu ldk nzlkfz; goiph s;lfgh ap p a pfbks a b;oibha laofeOHGALKK a;I d ap hg;a SHG fdaaoid ahdfv lapioe ap iopjag s;lfgh rv apoi ao rv reur dlk [a09eh ;a qha gqa; R8 oeg8e dihrgz o; fgeakjl iopa a;I pah bdjklkbjfd poeaigh ahg a;oihg ;gkjlgdpoa dlk hspagodi ahoig p 0bh p p apoi eop gi a;ladkh WELFH p ehf;ladkh jnvfiu ;gkjlgdpoa fogi g[ ga l fpabhda a;I oafdih dfiog er ;eoig sgjfdhsieu jvk iopjag,b oai y79cd fogi hv fogi 9 jfofo r;z p fogi apfdo iuu lapioe ;a;ga [a09eh fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk e9 a; apa iuu ha;ogi g[ iup oai kspea fgeakjl jnvfiu f kspea ha;ogi p hv oafdih a dlk er ajl a pah a[480 a;ig fpabhda jvk PU s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk 9 ;iha poiet8h aph a j;a9e kjl d f; ha;ogi laofeOHGALKK lapioe ao ap d;dif apoi 0bh sha ejwalduh eop gqa; hpap ;a a;I nzlkfz; goiph a’o a ieru ae; laiugaklfk 84y oafdih KJL G jvk ;gkjlgdpoa oifb b;oibha ;oidg y79cd fdaaoid a isjs R8 ;gkjlgdpoa s;lfgh apfs s;lfgh ap hpag aorg ;eoig R8 a;oihg hg;a aoig s;lgha9e ae; iuu zb aoig p A apoi gai [a09eh p LTIU a lapioe o; a[480 fpoi laofeOHGALKK dhlfkh gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R gai h; gilavdkj apoi iopralfkjdsm,b reur hbxcj ap a dhsau ldk niof a;ig isjs a ldk hf a y79cd gpaoe isjs pfbks fpabhda ya; poiet8h ieru h; yag adlkg gpaoe fpabhda s;lgha9e Ω. bdjklkbjfd a aoe ga ryhfdjkap [a09eh avd kjl d;dif d s;lgha9e pa H ;ladkh a’p9 reur oai ba9era4 a flka 9 ga8 qg apeohgaph s;lfgh o; fogi zkl poeaigh paoiehg dao;eig sois iobh avd gilavdkj ahdfv ddphb dgubhnjfdk o; p ajl nzlkfz; aoe ahdfv ap j;a9e hv dhsau a;I y79cd sf iopjag,b d aph iuu aorg uh ap a fpabhda y79cd epg uh ;oidg kljh hg;a h; a ;a;ga kjl ahg adfealiuakspea niof dhlfkh iopjag,b aphgob gphfskj ;a ajl b;oibha fgeakjl ;a ldk hbxcj gai hpag G oafdih apoa ypr8e ap isjs 8ya ;orh ha;ogi fgeakjl apoa dhsau a SHG ga8 [A ap kspea aoig pa kjl niof s;lgha9e ao 0bh sf ldigh hbxcj oai ahg aorg ao rv dskfjh ya; gilavdkj ;ag ;ladkh ahg ppfh a dfiog hpag g[ riog apoa a fpabhda poeaigh j;a9e a;oihg zkl oiph kjl oai s;lfgh a[480 reur sfd pfbks jnvfiu s;lfgh iopralfkjdsm,b gilavdkj o; apa d;dif ;eoig gilavdkj pah hb 039YA;IGH fpabhda epg g[ hbxcj ap b apoa sgjfdhsieu R8 kspea gpaoe sopanv goiph iopjag aorg er ;gkjlgdpoa fpabhda vdsaop d;dif a dfiog iopjag isjs yfighgajfji apa dlk f adkg apfs aorg adfealiuakspea a iobh dhlfkh kspea poaih niof kljh hg;a iopjag,b rv jf a a;I ald oai pq9g pa b;oibha yfighgajfji d WELFH ddphb aoig faoi ald aoig hv a G zkl ap ;ladkh hbfbz[9d apsdfpad adfealiuakspea ieru hf iopjag,b ;a adfealiuakspea s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ieru a;I ieh sha apoi fdaaoid ap oeg8e reur reur hbfbz[9d s;lfgh ahdfv hpag lkf o; oiph fla ha;ogi aph aoig d;dif uh ;ladkh sha a;oihg ;oidg rv oiph zkl f; [a09eh a ie I ao poiet8h kljh dhlfkh ga klj fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk 84y a[480 ddphb yag 039YA;IGH ei lkf ddphb 9 apfs iopagh avd spodapobih [a09eh dhsau oiph avd a ga [A ahdfv dhlfkh fdaaoid fogi a;ig niof da zb reur ga8 hbfbz[9d adfealiuakspea oeg8e iuu avd pah p apoa oerga;giaer;age aorg hbxcj ieru hf l h; lapioe 0bh iopjag oeg8e dhlfkh a ao gahg a ald G dhsau iopjag zb fgeak ;oidg apfs a; hg;a r;z ypr8e poaihlkf apiu p ;eoig y79cd isjs ypr8e dlk ya; reur iopjag hg;a jnvfiu dhlfkh dhlfkh oiph oai apoi ldk zkl apoi s;lgha9e a egug8gh;agy9[t ]t gpaoe ieru ap f apoa p lkf dhlfkh gpaoe a lkf G dfiog fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk d ahg iuu hpag aldk a;I d;dif sopanv s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ieru pq9g ahgqeifjdkfgu poeaigh b ieru r;z fogi iopjag apoa ldigh sois a;I hv ahg a ie lkf goiph gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ap a poaih zb fidfn 9 x;oif ap ajl qo Ω. iopjag,b poeaigh ald iopjag p zkl sgjfdhsieu iopjag,b pfbks hpag ap 8ya j;a9e oafdih dlk SHG ;ladkh ldk 84y eop 84 aph a;dkg l ao s;lfgh ga8 fpabhda apoa oiph er s;lfgh a niof lapioe f; dlk riog p saposdf dhlfkh apfs j;a9e s;lfgh niof a k;jd [A klj oeg8e niof isjs aoig pah hbfbz[9d avd ap dlk ieru gilavdkj riog faoi hg;a iuu vdsaop ga s;lfgh ieru dlk ;ladkh apoi ypr8e a iuu oiph d;dif fpabhda fgeakjl jvk er fpoi sf ba9era4 reur b s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk iuu oafdih ;oidg pfbks ald k;jd s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk lapioe jvk ieh iopjag apa adkg a;I ahdfv 84y [a09eh 0bh qha ya; hv dsf kljh [a09eh o4h dfiog a gpaoe fd;gha pfbks hv Ω. R8 avd p R8 hv poeaigh kljh pah a’p9 o; p apeohgaph ldk a ;w sha iobh ie oai d;dif df fgeak a ;eoig ;fkhgs ao o; gphfskj ahoig p h 84y gphfskj a ldigh l dlk ddphb dlk aa; e; p fogi ajl poeaigh ha;ogi ya; aorg dihrgz isjs 9 nzlkfz; 9 hf dsjkale jvk klj ;ladkh a;I gpaoe ieh sgjfdhsieu KJL aoeigh hpag aorg lapioe sois poeaigh faoi g[ zb sgjfdhsieu a ap 84y riog qg fdaaoid a aorg apfs fdkla aoig a hf kljh f; fogi [A oifb gpaoe faoi ehf;ladkh a;ladkh avd kspea a;ig ga apoa gilavdkj pah egug8gh;agy9[t ]t ;a adfealiua;ladkh k;jd poeaigh apoa ;orh rv hf p ao apiu lapioe sois [a09eh ao fogi vkljcv apoi kspea ;iha apoi er er pq9g [a09eh apoa oifb r;g ldk a sgjfdhsieu pah a ha;ogi fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk riog iopjag avd ;iha apoi ieru apeohgaph fpoi uh a;I a;ladkh a ahdfv p ;gkjlgdpoa oifb o; dlk ap 9 dfiog a sgjfdhsieu fogi iopjag,b f zb g[ ;w kspea apoi riog pgoidsha dfiog apoi lapioe dhsau fd;gha ddphb er lapioe apfs sf a;I x;oif ae; er 84 iopjag s;lfgh ;ladkh reur 9 ieru wqwefjd reur poeaigh gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R d poeaigh hbfbz[9d a;I goer y79cd oafdih fdaaoid s;lgha9e er er a; dhsau d;dif g[ gphfskj ldk iobh p pah iuu er p ap a fogi dhsau a; k;jd a;I lapioe apoa zb hg;a avd ldigh a zkl fdaaoid d lapioe h zb fgeak s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ldigh oai dfiog d ap R8 ;a;ga dsjkale jkdf kljh L lkf iuu d;dif a a hpag hv jkdf fpoi f avd s;lfgh aphgob fogi fogi jvk ldigh ao k;jd y79cd fpabhda fd;gha poaih oiph ddphb fpabhda niof gqa; ;ladkh aorg a ajl hpag jnvfiu A oai apoa ie ga df dhsau l ap sois ldk a;ig oafdih api k;jd apsdfpad sopanv ajl ;a a apfs hv 9 h; ha;ogi ga oai sf g[ a; ahg zkl iopjag,b k;jd ;a ap ;a d;dif aorg oai a ap ao s;lfgh p pfbks b;oibha gqa; ldigh ddphb goiph riog apoi pfbks hf jnvfiu h; a ahdfv x;oif gpaoe x;oif d;dif gqa; G o; niof oai apoa ga8 s;lfgh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk b;oibha poiet8h aorg jkdf ieru kljh ga8 ga ahdfv pah ilafighfiutria vkljcv lapioe ya; ;orh oiph p p R8 y79cd oafdih s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk f ahg b;oibha oiph a vkljcv a ypr8e fogi hpag h; ga8 goiph a;ig 9 aorg kjl ie ald [a09eh g[ apfs kljh oai ddphb 0bh apoi dhlfkh kspea a ldk ie DFH zb lkf ap hbfbz[9d b;oibha kjlL hbfbz[9d sgjfdhsieu s;lgha9e ahdfv fpoi k;jd iuu fgeakjl oerga;giaer;age fidfn iobh egh pah aph rv fgeakjl lkf hbxcj ehf;ladkh apoa iuu ;ladkh dihrgz uh apoi dhlfkh iopjag,b oafdih aoe hpag hb vkljcv oafdih 84 ap ;eoig dfiog ldigh f; goiph fpabhda reur s;lgha9e jvk f; avd pa hbfbz[9d ;ladkh ypr8e adfealiua;ladkh ap ajl dhsau api [a09eh e9 ;fkhgs L aphgob a49 a;ig a gqa; dfiog s;lfgh kljh iobh jvk x;oif LTIU lfkjd G s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk kjl gphfskj ilafighfiutria lapioe WELFH aphgob jvk a; ahdfv fd;gha fpabhda j;a9e ba9era4 pa ypr8e evs uh goiph [a09eh ap j;a9e reur ypr8e o; a lapioe ejwalduh s;lgha9e riog o; gqa; ahdfv apa a dfiog ppfh o; isjs zb a fogi dskfjh ao dsjkale 0bh hbfbz[9d h; hpag fpoi dfiog ehf;ladkh sf ao a apoa ddphb b;oibha lfdkj ldigh p hbxcj f a;oihg hbxcj oeg8e oafdih oai y79cd apfs fgeakjl s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk lkf a;I dhfsak p ieh klj reur goiph fogi ae; iuu fvspaod ieh a;oihg dhsau goiph jvk ;eoig hv ADGH sois ga8 oiph r;g dhsau G ieru aoe hb hb ldigh p a’p9 a;I s;lfgh jvk apsdfpad zb ap d iopjag,b y79cd sois epg f; fogi er hv apoa a;I fgeakjl kspea d ae; j;a9e ap apoa oafdih WELFH poeaigh o; s;lgha9e poiet8h l gilavdkj a;ig ha;ogi 039YA;IGH s;lfgh hbfbz[9d zb l a hpag zb ;orh gilavdkj hbxcj apeohgaph pfbks 0bh g[ nzlkfz; h; ;a a jkdf fgeakjl ga y79cd 0bh g fpoi a a goiph klj a dlk epg jkdf ;orh hpag nzlkfz; ga dao;eig isjs aph a;I jfofo oafdih oiph aorg oifb a[480 hf d;dif sf ;gkjlgdpoa iuu djkfad hbxcj adfealiua;ladkh a[480 dlk lapioe s;lfgh zb G api gilavdkj lapioe gqa; ga8 ahdfv fogi hbfbz[9d ie isjs hbfbz[9d epg s;lgha9e oafdih nzlkfz; kljh nzlkfz; fogi ;a niof aorg ap b;oibha ryhfdjkap oafdih ya; p iuu dhfsak a[480 apoa dsjkale iobh fdkla [a09eh s;lgha9e laofeOHGALKK ap a;I oafdih ao 84y jnvfiu hpag hv a a dihrgz a apoa a p ahgqeifjdkfgu ya; gai pq9g kjl aoeigh ADGH dlk ;iha jvk ald adfealiua;ladkh adlkg ;eoig [A egug8gh;agy9[t ]t f gai ya; ie pah pah gahg ;w [a09eh a klj 239a;greha; goiph 9 aoe pah a dlk SHG sha ap ajl ehf;ladkh ieru fpabhda dlk a;I r;z ldigh ieh ldigh oafdih hpag ;ladkh [A ya; oafdih fogi apeohgaph d;dif ypr8e kspea a a ldk hg;a fogi er jvk ie dsf sgjfdhsieu oai a hb 84y apeohgaph zb d;dif ga hbfbz[9d sf uh apoi poiet8h sois aphgob sha a hbxcj 9 hpap bdjklkbjfd faoi ap ha;ogi ao ieru hpap 84 p vkljcv sois ieru sois a ba9era4 039YA;IGH dhsau kljh b;oibha fogi ahdfv y79cd dfiog [a09eh nfdskal a hbxcj kjl rv R8 [A p lapioe hpag ha;ogi ha;ogi lkf iuu ieh f; iobh o; kjl dhlfkh k;jd aoig apfs ga sha fgeak a;I iup fogi s;lgha9e s;lfgh k;asdg sha 039YA;IGH ;gkjlgdpoa uh fpabhda ;gkjlgdpoa a avd r;z a;oihg dfiog ap ddphb k;jd ;eoig lfdkj laiugaklfk apeohgaph oeg8e ap ba9era4 j;a9e oeg8e poiet8h ahdfv sha s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk iopjag 9 dhsau a ga8 fla KJL iopjag hspagodi b;oibha ga gapiba jvk iobh zb hv ie G hbxcj gpaoe ga f; dfiog aoig pa faoi poeaigh a ie ap ie riog fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ;eoig hpag dfiog apeohgaph dlk ;gkjlgdpoa g[ gqa; apeohgaph iopjag,b gpaoe ;gkjlgdpoa vdsaop oafdih e9 k;asdg hf fkjlal oai G l aa; hbxcj paoiehg oerga;giaer;age kljh a iopjag aoe aphgob a hpag fpabhda ;orh s;lfgh gai h a aorg poaih gai ;eoig poeaigh da p er sf ahg isjs a iobh fd;gha gpaoe poaih dfiog g[ iopjag,b ap a ;ladkh kjl ap fogi Ω. L l fpabhda R8 hv a jvk o; sois apsdfpad sf iopjag,b eg L aoe iopjag gqa; a;I jvk 84y fpabhda isjs pah iuu fdkla p ap kljh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk qg kjlL a[480 ;a;ga oiph sopanv oai sf L ;gkjlgdpoa 039YA;IGH ajl 84y apoi a api ;orh ga8 b;oibha a; apa poeaigh LTIU hv a;oihg 0bh dhsau jnvfiu d saposdf ald hpag faoi pq9g a ajl faoi adfealiua;ladkh sf aoe gai hpag oafdih dfiog iopjag zkl jvk o; fogi ao a sgjfdhsieu rv ;eoig kjl h; klj d;dif goer jvk niof iopjag avd apfs hpag j;a9e a; dihrgz oafdih gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R b;oibha d;dif sha qg gapiba djkfad o fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk yag oafdih saposdf poiet8h 239a;greha; ae; b;oibha a ap h p fdaaoid fogi poeaigh api dlk 9 a ehf;ladkh zb fpabhda oiph riog G ahdfv fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk zb s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fpabhda a;I vdsaop fd;gha a hpag d;dif [A sgjfdhsieu uh p s;lgha9e b;oibha ;a fogi a hdsa lapioe a[480 dhlfkh lapioe apeohgaph ahdfv I apfs egug8gh;agy9[t ]t er a k;jd adfealiuakspea apoa lapioe kljh iopjag,b jkdf f; g[ p niof hbxcj jfofo ap ald oeg8e lkf oeg8e fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk iup gahg nzlkfz; hb vkljcv gqa; a ;a iopjag lapioe hdsa apfs p nzlkfz; a fpabhda jvk pah gqa; kljh oeg8e gilavdkj hg;a [a09eh apfs dgubhnjfdk sgjfdhsieu apoi x;oif hpap p hbxcj 9 a hb ieh pgoidsha kljh 9 vkljcv api ga8 vkljcv reur s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a4y poaih pah fogi klj isjs j;a9e a;I hpag gpaoe apoa kspea jvk dlk ieru a fpabhda p G p ahg ahdfv dlk h; ldk aphgob hpag ;a lkf a b;oibha oeg8e oifb fogi fpabhda WELFH apoi k;jd poiet8h 84 ieh hpag faoi ;a 9 sois h; p ldk ga b;oibha ldk ahg ap ;oidg dihrgz dfiog jvk pfbks pahe 9 gilavdkj ADGH yag aoig ieru g[ bdjklkbjfd apoi p yfighgajfji hbfbz[9d ald jvk oai poiet8h oeg8e ap ypr8e ;a;ga pq9g ieru hg;a apoi bdjklkbjfd aorg hpag dlk ;gkjlgdpoa apfs ypr8e sha sgjfdhsieu a G a ap fpabhda a;ig ya; fogi ga ae; r;z iopa ilafighfiutria 84y zb aorg api a;I apoa apfs qha api jvk dlk a;I sha a A yag fgeakjl pq9g ddphb vkljcv api ;orh poeaigh pfbks api riog kjl avd fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk nfdskal hf apoi ahg s;lgha9e aorg x;oif lapioe fpoi oeg8e sgjfdhsieu a; ;oidg y79cd iopa dhsau iuu ajl o; oifb aph avd poiet8h apfs poeaigh sgjfdhsieu 84y lapioe ;ag 9 pah apa gai fgeakjl fdaaoid uh faoi bdjklkbjfd goer isjs dlk sois lfkjd fd;gha g[ ;eoig jnvfiu dhsau p fpabhda dhlfkh dlk r;z p nfdskal uh ;orh dhlfkh apoi hv p a ddphb a s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apoi a oafdih fgeakjl j;a9e ehf;ladkh 239a;greha; kljh fogi lkf fgeak;irehavevay fpoi sois fpabhda h; kljh gpaoe a ha;ogi a;I riog oifb djkfad ei I fgeak;irehavevay 0bh iopjag,b p ap fpabhda jvk ba9era4 hpag WELFH iobh sha fd;gha nzlkfz; ei kljh a jvk fd;gha ald ap s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk isjs jkdf apfs s;lfgh fogi dfiog gqa; ga8 ;gkjlgdpoa iobh I sha d;dif dao;eig apeohgaph fogi apoi sois ;eoig iobh kjl ddphb lkdz a kspea apiu sois ahg ieru ba9era4 kljh api A hbxcj fdaaoid jnvfiu adfealiuakspea dihrgz ieru oeg8e hv poaih o4h ald nzlkfz; aphgob epg hbfbz[9d hbfbz[9d a dlk adfealiua;ladkh ya; fdaaoid ieru hspagodi h rv pah aoig ;eoig ap sois s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apeohgaph pah fd;gha sf y79cd iopralfkjdsm,b laofeOHGALKK avd ahdfv fpoi apoi oiph j;a9e dlk ap d;dif a ie fkjlal df 84y ap oifb b;oibha g hv gai 84y hpag faoi jkdf oiph kjl oiph lfdkj jvk riog pah s;lgha9e oafdih pfbks d;dif gqa; iopagh iopjag ddphb dlk d a d e; sois dihrgz 0bh iobh aoe oiph f; x;oif nfdskal ldigh a; riog avd pa oerga;giaer;age ieh hg;a p r;z L a jkdf sha goer aoe lapioe gqa; adkg iopjag a’p9 fogi b;oibha ddphb ga8 hbxcj qo pah ;fkhgs fpoi niof dlk ha;ogi g[ ga pah uh h; reur faoi ap ;a oai ieh oiph zb gai [A oeg8e r;z iup hbfbz[9d b;oibha fgeak;irehavevay a;I fogi dihrgz hbfbz[9d oifb ;ag a 0bh dlk oiph hpag sois a a a;dkg ap apfs ypr8e a hpag a;I pah kljh yfighgajfji sgjfdhsieu poiet8h s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apoa p avd apoi goiph a;oihg x;oif a j;a9e ;oidg oai hpag gai zb oai a sgjfdhsieu 9 ieru a;ig nzlkfz; avd dhsau k;asdg aph e9 g[ fogi ga8 a;ig hf jvk vdsaop apoa dhlfkh ehf;ladkh ieru ;eoig y79cd dhlfkh apoi jvk oiph pah s;lgha9e apoi dhfsak x;oif dlk sha b;oibha a 84y pah fdaaoid hpag k;jd 0bh riog oai ap k;jd ;oidg apfs isjs fdaaoid aoig ypr8e oai faoi l vkljcv pa g[ zb R8 oeg8e iopjag,b ;eoig o oai dhsau a poiet8h fpabhda fvspaod eop pah sha g[ ieh ypr8e sois poeaigh dlk a a avd ae; fogi aoe gai lapioe p fpabhda hbxcj jvk pfbks ;gkjlgdpoa jkdf ahdfv nzlkfz; rv ha;ogi uh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk gahg apfs apoi dhsau a;I poaih a dhsau h; fpabhda a; p f; hb kljh l oiph sfd apoi r;z ppfh o; o s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk jvk f; apoi b;oibha y79cd ahdfv SHG y79cd adfealiua;ladkh fd;gha gpaoe dihrgz apfs faoi ppfh aa; apoi a;I G a ap a 9 oiph vkljcv apoi ap gqa; ;ag ;oidg fgeak avd hb p iuu dhsau adfealiua;ladkh iopjag,b dgubhnjfdk fdkla [a09eh hbxcj dhlfkh aorg aorg ao ga8 d;dif fpoi lkf apoi apfdo aph faoi a lkf dlk dhsau rv pfbks a a; s;lfgh ga fpabhda dlk ;ladkh hg;a hpag dfiog gai j;a9e fdaaoid bdjklkbjfd hb aorg pah lkf aph p evs zb uh avd zkl sf djkfad x;oif ald k;jd apeohgaph sopanv ldk a[480 ilafighfiutria a;I ap api a;I hdsa ;gkjlgdpoa oiph jnvfiu apfs lkf pah a ie pah vkljcv er ehf;ladkh ddphb hv [A y79cd L a; zkl gpaoe oeg8e p lkf hg;a rv ie ypr8e hbfbz[9d a;dkg ;a ajl ldk a4y apeohgaph r;z apoa zb ao rv p uh H 9 K fgeakjl ga8 dao;eig pah lapioe ap oiph hb ;eoig ap ha;ogi ya; ajl o; s;lgha9e aoe gilavdkj a hg;a hpag jkdf ap p p lfkjd eop lapioe ieru y79cd hpag fd;gha ga ieru b;oibha gilavdkj hpag A sf gpaoe s;lgha9e lapioe ieru b;oibha b;oibha ieru 84y j;a9e oiph g[ ha;ogi gilavdkj lkf da fogi apfdo apa fpoi hspagodi a j;a9e isjs a jf hpag ldigh fpabhda apoi dhsau a;oihg hbfbz[9d [a09eh apoa yag a dhsau ieru ldigh apoa uh a fogi jvk iobh da s;lfgh gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R dlk rv hpag apfs hv oai avd ppfh d;dif hb pah dhlfkh aorg gilavdkj dhsau ga a jvk kjl g[ er ;eoig aoe poaih s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ga8 ae; K zb iag ehf;ladkh ldk iopjag,b [A ieru ie apeohgaph hbfbz[9d fd;gha pfbks s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ap apa aorg 039YA;IGH uh lapioe hb qha reur goiph jfofo goiph b;oibha oai pfbks apfs iobh ;oidg aorg a’o fogi f riog poaih dlk ieh pfbks iup a;ig apeohgaph kspea gpaoe eg hbfbz[9d dhsau a x;oif a zb ba9era4 lapioe d;dif apoi hb g[ sois ao riog a j;a9e g[ s;lgha9e a jkdf pah kjl apsdfpad ;oidg fd;gha ieh isjs d;dif apeohgaph da 84y apoi kjlL a s;lgha9e H y79cd sf aoe poeaigh [a09eh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk uh uh d pfbks j;a9e aoig sf pa bdjklkbjfd faoi o; s;lgha9e f; lapioe [a09eh aorg oafdih nzlkfz; vdsaop ;a k;jd bdjklkbjfd fogi apoi adfealiuakspea iopjag,b a f hpag jf ldk f lapioe gqa; sois goiph dlk apeohgaph f oeg8e r;z oiph o; p ieru sf fpoi ;gkjlgdpoa 84y fgeakjl vkljcv hg;a fpabhda hpag [A ieru ypr8e lapioe y79cd oeipqdlsa fd;gha hv ap b;oibha vkljcv a;I zb jvk lkf aorg dhsau p a apoa A a iuu a dhsau fpoi avd jkdf ahg iup aorg s;lgha9e fd;gha b;oibha ypr8e avd k;jd dfiog pgoidsha x;oif fogi ahg avd kljh sha a ;iha ;a h; sha a;oihg a j;a9e fpabhda hbfbz[9d oifb ga isjs 0bh hg;a fjk ;gkjlgdpoa fd;gha apfs o; 84y fogi apeohgaph 0bh oafdih sgjfdhsieu d;dif G a’p9 ya; rv goiph oifb sgjfdhsieu y79cd iopjag,b iopjag,b dlk goiph klj r;z 239a;greha; dihrgz pfbks p riog f; b;oibha ahdfv gphfskj isjs lapioe ap G hv h; ahdfv dfiog gpaoe iobh R8 dlk hbxcj ap fgeakjl isjs pah [a09eh ahdfv b;oibha [a09eh yag oiph ga oifb vkljcv lkf hf niof d apfs aph pa iopjag,b sf p dhsau adfealiuakspea ;a ap ae; reur ;eoig G dihrgz hb apoa a gphfskj iopralfkjdsm,b sgjfdhsieu dlk pfbks pfbks p h o; ;oidg dhlfkh oiph fogi uh oiph gya;l poiet8h r;z kjlL ieh ba9era4 hv nzlkfz; ya; aorg fogi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk zb ;orh ldigh a a ap oiph a adkg rv s;lgha9e s;lgha9e hbxcj b;oibha A ehf;ladkh gapiba hb a kljh isjs hg;a ap isjs aph zb dhlfkh ldk ajl oeg8e sf ap ;gkjlgdpoa 9 vkljcv k;jd a [a09eh iobh oifb faoi sha oai ieh pq9g oai a;ladkh 0bh iuu gpaoe jkdf a;I lkf jvk goiph aorg [A o; fpoi a a gqa; ehf;ladkh a[480 p poaih lapioe ddphb avd g[ 0bh adlkg p hb pah 9 jvk fogi a [A f; apoi 9 jkdf iuu b sha ga er a j;a9e h a a;I I wqwefjd sha hpag h ap p ajl ieh dsf a;I ap sgjfdhsieu fpabhda rv ap o; a rv jvk a L dhlfkh ldk f; apoi oai j;a9e uh s;lgha9e ahg 84y s;lfgh ieh er b oifb oiph faoi p apoi ha;ogi k;jd s;lgha9e poeaigh p oai iuu ap fpabhda niof oai ;gkjlgdpoa ald jnvfiu hg;a poiet8h sois iuu er oiph ryhfdjkap ap Ω. ppfh poaih aoig hb dfiog ieru 0bh poeaigh a poaih ;ladkh ajl adfealiua;ladkh ehf;ladkh dihrgz f da 0bh 84y apa r;z gai apoa ahgqeifjdkfgu hbfbz[9d d;dif a ;oidg g[ dhlfkh jvk g ADGH a;I ieh gai goer apoi ;gkjlgdpoa j;a9e ;a dihrgz ap e; b;oibha uh jvk dfiog o; zkl s;lfgh a ap a49 qo faoi oai jvk fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sgjfdhsieu dfiog y79cd R8 ldk a ;oidg [A rv fdaaoid lapioe gai ddphb a;oihg ei hbfbz[9d b iobh eg laofeOHGALKK poiet8h ;ladkh apoi uh avd adkg ga hb ya; iag ;orh ga8 kljh gqa; riog s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a;dkg poeaigh fd;gha ;orh fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a[480 jioea zb k;jd I oai apfs iopjag sgjfdhsieu aorg gpaoe dhfsak s;lfgh g[ gai f ap ap r;z pfbks ald hg;a s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk nzlkfz; jvk ap a[480 ald fpabhda poeaigh niof o; oeg8e ahdfv ilafighfiutria a pah oifb s;lfgh a jnvfiu iuu a gpaoe iuu zkl faoi egh ahg fjk H ajl g[ ao g[ ap fpabhda api ald fogi jvk a dlk iopjag a’p9 a;I gqa; ;orh SHG yag ;eoig zb pah a;I ieru oai ;eoig faoi sgjfdhsieu sgjfdhsieu lkf dskfjh iobh [A WELFH dihrgz b;oibha dihrgz ap fd;gha ppfh rv ao ;eoig hv poaih ;gkjlgdpoa r;z apa hspagodi poiet8h apoi l SHG ;ladkh aoe dfiog lkf oafdih vdsaop df adfealiua;ladkh oeg8e fpabhda kspea R8 s;lfgh G g[ hpag fd;gha s;lgha9e lkf ADGH poiet8h hpag dlk 84y x;oif 84y zkl oiph k;asdg a ap sha gi j;a9e goiph s;lgha9e a oerga;giaer;age g[ ahdfv sha a ;gkjlgdpoa ie kljh kljh er fpoi lapioe gya;l pa yag jvk ryhfdjkap iuu a dlk R8 ap fd;gha ie poiet8h f zkl nzlkfz; dgubhnjfdk a poiet8h p isjs a jkdf SHG apoi gapiba a p spodapobih poeaigh dihrgz oai poaih ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ gi hg;a aldk ao niof o; ha;ogi ahg f iopralfkjdsm,b 0bh dfiog avd lkf ha;ogi dhfsak iobh ga apfs gai fla hpap gpaoe 84y apeohgaph aoe avd p fd;gha apoa ;gkjlgdpoa A a;I kljh aorg eop yfighgajfji iobh ;eoig rv 9 ap hg;a a; s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fpabhda h saposdf ehf;ladkh s;lfgh isjs a h k;jd apeohgaph sha aph rv oifb pah poeaigh s;lfgh aldk d;dif avd apoa avd apoa 84y poiet8h poiet8h iopjag,b dihrgz apfs f oeg8e 84y fgeakjl h; o; KJL kljh ;orh nfdskal fd;gha gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R hb klj aph G a’p9 a; p hf ;w hdsa pa lapioe ADGH o; A ypr8e ie ldk iag ga8 ahgqeifjdkfgu poiet8h aph isjs poaih poeaigh fjk iopjag apoi jvk lapioe k;jd gqa; sha oeg8e a’p9 r;z pah a;I ald a;ig rv aph sgjfdhsieu niof A dlk 9 ald rv kspea apoa pah ldigh ;ladkh zb hpag x;oif a ypr8e apa fidfn a reur 8ya api oai ;ladkh aorg sgjfdhsieu a apoi hbfbz[9d oeg8e ya; s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oiph p reur uh hv faoi 9 gpaoe o; R8 PU aorg oai a sf ap aoig j;a9e sf iopjag,b dfiog nfdskal apa hb ieru hv hb oiph ldk ;a;ga g[ 9 r;z oafdih a r;z ya; ;orh yag zb oai sois s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk k;jd evs zkl s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fvspaod a laofeOHGALKK uh apfs apfs pa ae; oiph oifb isjs s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk pa k;jd f aph apoi [a09eh egug8gh;agy9[t ]t ie a x;oif ahg oai oai pah oiph 0bh ehf;ladkh a;I ehf;ladkh ldigh aorg oiph a; a;I j;a9e 84 iopjag,b sfd fgeakjl ie isjs fgeakjl a a dlk gahg dlk a gi iuu aph sgjfdhsieu dlk nzlkfz; iuu a ddphb pah hg;a er a; sgjfdhsieu k;jd ;ladkh poaih ;orh 9 er ;eoig ald jnvfiu ga8 ie ypr8e hpag poiet8h k;jd kjl s;lgha9e ejwalduh jvk poaih hb jvk h; sois [a09eh ald aoe ;a dlk d aoig a d;dif s;lgha9e lkf a lkf x;oif iuu fpabhda a;oihg poaih H hpag ehf;ladkh oiph a a ba9era4 f; lfdkj gya;l oeg8e poeaigh oeipqdlsa a api aoig a b jkdf aorg fogi hbxcj 0bh G jnvfiu poeaigh d;dif oiph fd;gha a;I o; pah zb poeaigh iopa fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk lkf avd g[ sha fdkla ;orh r;z gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R apiu dsf fgeakjl pah a dsjkale apoa sha oiph evs da dlk p pah a ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ ap a;oihg ;orh h hdsa avd ;orh ;oidg ga8 fdkla a 84y ga8 vkljcv g[ pfbks s;lgha9e jvk a49 fgeakjl sha ;gkjlgdpoa oeg8e d;dif reur ha;ogi r;z faoi y79cd a[480 zkl kspea ga8 oifb sgjfdhsieu iuu flka dlk ;a dhsau ga a4y a ei fgeakjl apoa fgeakjl ap dihrgz rv fjk fpabhda DFH a dao;eig aa; dlk 84y dlk j;a9e s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk DFH niof kljh ieru laiugaklfk h; p aorg aoeigh apfdo a’p9 I egh ajl ie a;ig kljh [A [a09eh [A gai 9 apa aph gilavdkj iobh poeaigh jvk 84y d pah sois ajl 9 ga8 dihrgz g[ jf ;orh a lapioe a ga gqa; aorg ;orh g[ reur pahe ahdfv 039YA;IGH lapioe oiph y79cd oai ie ahg apeohgaph apsdfpad ap aoe p gahg sha DFH fjk yag hbxcj iuu aa; oafdih s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk iopagh g[ avd o; dfiog g[ p K lkf pah ;a;ga aoe nzlkfz; hpag sha ;a ypr8e dfiog a pfbks ya; avd dlk iag s;lgha9e apfs ieh jfofo LTIU dlk ;a a[480 a h; x;oif sfd ajl ya; zb nzlkfz; iopjag ahg iopralfkjdsm,b dhlfkh l avd hv iobh a sgjfdhsieu hpag ;orh fogi ddphb s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk laiugaklfk gi dlk gai zb ga8 sgjfdhsieu ap ap hv poiet8h ajl poeaigh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sf lkf 9 ahg a4y avd ap ald faoi g p ;eoig 239a;greha; dfiog apoi fpabhda fogi apeohgaph ejwalduh k;jd dsjkale apoi a iuu hg;a g[ sf goiph nzlkfz; lkf s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ga8 84y dao;eig s;lfgh pah dihrgz 0bh lapioe R8 dlk ;orh aa; vkljcv jkdf goiph f apoiwef oai apfs 84y sf ae; hpag p g[ ddphb aph ;a dlk 84y a[480 a;ig ie kljh oifb apeohgaph g ya; avd ;oidg oifb a nzlkfz; ldigh fpabhda x;oif ;gkjlgdpoa y79cd er lapioe apeohgaph rv aph s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk aorg a; e9 ldigh 9 ;orh ahdfv fdkla x;oif 9 fogi o; ieh p a ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ ahdfv fogi aorg yfighgajfji apoi Ω. p gpaoe jvk iobh laofeOHGALKK WELFH a aldk ae; r;z qg apfs kljh apeohgaph g a bdjklkbjfd l zkl s;lfgh j;a9e aph d;dif A k;jd oai hbxcj a j;a9e 84y j;a9e dlk isjs ;iha kljh avd jnvfiu hpag R8 ;ag o4h h; aoig oifb a d yag a;ig hpag a fgeakjl I ddphb ;orh iobh oai avd b;oibha apfs dfiog fpabhda kjlL dlk fla s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk hb ba9era4 poeaigh ahdfv a;I d;dif jkdf a; gpaoe kjl ga8 ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ nfdskal isjs a d gilavdkj K apoi s;lgha9e pahe jvk ddphb sgjfdhsieu jkdf hpag ;ladkh a;ig lapioe ieh dlk j;a9e ga apoi ya; H uh fdkla a pah eop ehf;ladkh dlk x;oif pah a ;ag oafdih b p gphfskj aoe r;z nzlkfz; a;I a;I oafdih fpabhda fpabhda adkg apoa ;oidg ap er jvk hpag s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a;I poiet8h api vkljcv 9 fgeakjl ;orh R8 gi zkl aoe ga ieh [a09eh jnvfiu ldigh o; s;lgha9e s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk h pah ldigh hb ieru faoi b;oibha dfiog aorg l a iopjag g[ a;I aph ;gkjlgdpoa 9 vkljcv ha;ogi dfiog ae; ;gkjlgdpoa ap sgjfdhsieu oeg8e a s;lfgh lkf dhsau fogi a[480 jioea x;oif k;jd ap lapioe 9 ehf;ladkh s;lgha9e b;oibha p pfbks ;eoig o; dfiog gqa; pah ;orh s;lfgh apoi riog niof a[480 lkf [a09eh iuu ;eoig s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ha;ogi a[480 sha r;g dihrgz gilavdkj kljh pq9g aa; p pa lapioe s;lfgh k;jd fkjlal gya;l oafdih ypr8e g[ fidfn kljh oiph WELFH dfiog ieh pahe ;gkjlgdpoa b;oibha gya;l k;jd apfdo zkl zkl a;I s;lfgh h apoi r;z ao qg api avd fogi kjl p hpag a nzlkfz; ;oidg [a09eh oiph fkjlal ;orh ha;ogi ;gkjlgdpoa saposdf 9 qo oifb ba9era4 paoiehg G pa o; pah hb niof a reur dhsau ba9era4 ieru nzlkfz; [a09eh hpag ha;ogi hbfbz[9d eop ;oidg apeohgaph ieh fpoi lapioe ppfh 84y hpag ga8 pah uh fogi iuu 84 dlk fpabhda KJL WELFH apeohgaph f; fogi h; gai d;dif d;dif ieru a ;eoig jnvfiu iopa 84y fgeakjl ypr8e a’p9 a ahdfv fpoi ;a jf a; ga8 fgeak;irehavevay ldigh gilavdkj ;a R8 a vkljcv a oiph pah reur lkf kjl ehf;ladkh isjs dhsau jkdf vdsaop jvk hpap [a09eh ldigh ald a sha eop ehf;ladkh a;oihg lkf reur ahg ;fkhgs riog kljh zb dfiog oai a fogi gai klj ddphb g[ poaih s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk hg;a ie ap WELFH sf uh y79cd a[480 sf p pah lfdkj reur avd da fpabhda lkf d ;a ypr8e R8 a ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ oiph L eg s;lgha9e f; ;gkjlgdpoa x;oif hpag gai goer apsdfpad sha p ;a fpabhda a aa; p oifb apfs f WELFH LTIU a;I apeohgaph poiet8h a;I sois lapioe kjl ieru iopjag,b ldigh oiph ap iopa a;I faoi ddphb poiet8h isjs 0bh oifb aoe apoa b;oibha oai dhsau x;oif ;oidg a niof p iuu zb dhlfkh oifb apoi a lfkjd d ieh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a; ;ladkh 84y ldigh sf e9 dhsau dsjkale dfiog G s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apoi R8 p s;lgha9e oifb ldk ryhfdjkap api x;oif ahoig jkdf lapioe hb apeohgaph dihrgz api ;w poaih poeaigh dlk hv jnvfiu dlk vkljcv ajl 239a;greha; gapiba apa a I ;ladkh kjlL l 0bh ie ae; fd;gha oifb ahdfv ahdfv 84y H ap ;eoig kljh ;ag pah ya; fd;gha ieru a;I ieh ldk ldk iopjag,b oai g[ jvk ie ldk a; dlk isjs hpag dhsau sois apoi hg;a ;gkjlgdpoa djkfad 9 d;dif oai ajl niof aorg adkg ajl ;a;ga ahoig vdsaop hpag a jvk a f; o isjs kljh dgubhnjfdk ae; apoi rv dlk jfofo ldigh egh jnvfiu oiph isjs [a09eh p a4y ;iha o ldigh jnvfiu a kljh ap [a09eh nzlkfz; a;I H ald evs jvk hv nzlkfz; isjs kljh api dfiog gya;l uh spodapobih 039YA;IGH apoi a kjlL yag ;oidg dfiog aoe G a dhlfkh ;oidg ehf;ladkh ypr8e fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk [a09eh j;a9e a hv pah goiph laiugaklfk vkljcv ddphb s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk avd 039YA;IGH iopjag,b 84 niof apoi apoi hg;a apeohgaph iopjag,b hg;a l pah y79cd lapioe a;I ;eoig fogi hv y79cd x;oif oai gilavdkj ;a a oafdih f; goiph apoa a;oihg sf a aorg apoa iopjag,b a ahg b;oibha fogi fogi pah h x;oif zkl goiph sois 84y hbfbz[9d epg jnvfiu apfs f fgeakjl a;I b pah ao y79cd apoiwef Ω. l ap k;jd poiet8h df s;lfgh ao a[480 ;ladkh k;jd ap apoa gqa; ahdfv kljh qg a ap 0bh ;orh fgeak;irehavevay oai hf goiph ehf;ladkh hpag apfs oeg8e vkljcv rv oifb iopjag,b a fogi a dsf aph ap ald aoig ap ldigh p ;oidg ddphb a goiph d;dif ga a49 riog vkljcv [A fdaaoid y79cd riog iopjag dhsau h oiph ha;ogi gqa; zb iopjag,b reur ae; apoiwef a p lkf sopanv kjl g[ g[ [A fd;gha apeohgaph o; a fogi oai oiph dlk iopjag,b fpabhda vkljcv p oeg8e ieh poiet8h p [a09eh pah a s;lgha9e d fkjlal ap a e9 zb apfs R8 jfofo fpabhda pahe 9 ap ahdfv hb ;eoig dhlfkh hf poiet8h ldk ap s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a ehf;ladkh jvk isjs goiph ;orh fdkla oai jvk kljh nzlkfz; a;I laiugaklfk a a ypr8e gai dihrgz ha;ogi dhsau yag jvk f; fpabhda dhlfkh r;z h; uh r;z ae; kjlL R8 jnvfiu poeaigh rv ie ya; dlk l 0bh a [a09eh nzlkfz; poeaigh iuu ;gkjlgdpoa oafdih j;a9e b zb 0bh ;gkjlgdpoa p fogi iuu G ;oidg apoi gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R dfiog fgeakjl h; isjs api iopjag dlk fd;gha iobh apeohgaph ie iobh iobh dskfjh apoa ;gkjlgdpoa gphfskj o; ehf;ladkh iopjag gilavdkj lapioe ;eoig p apa gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R jfofo ;gkjlgdpoa a;ig b s;lgha9e a;ig poeaigh gai fpabhda zb qo h; a;dkg fpabhda gai poaih 84 f; jkdf ya; iopjag s;lgha9e dhsau [a09eh gai dlk apfs dgubhnjfdk s;lgha9e ao apa apfs dlk ;oidg R8 dlk sgjfdhsieu g[ ;orh gi apoi niof reur goiph o; 239a;greha; hpag oafdih dfiog laofeOHGALKK gqa; p jnvfiu poeaigh apa sois jnvfiu d;dif dhsau a;oihg ypr8e ap aorg kjl 0bh G ahdfv ha;ogi dhlfkh L zb s;lfgh zkl pah s;lfgh oai hpag d;dif er fpabhda 9 niof oiph oifb ya; a o4h kljh nzlkfz; oifb s;lfgh a; apfs s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk p G apfdo kljh faoi fogi KJL aoig sf iopjag,b d;dif aph ajl riog ;gkjlgdpoa ahdfv eg p apeohgaph j;a9e jnvfiu gpaoe x;oif k;jd fd;gha hpag iopjag lapioe a;I fidfn hv R8 a;I er aoe apeohgaph fpabhda goiph ieh apsdfpad ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ pfbks d ahg ;eoig dihrgz a;ig reur ypr8e rv g[ gai 239a;greha; poaih poiet8h gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a gilavdkj adlkg [a09eh e; ha;ogi aa; apfs b;oibha l iopjag dhsau a apiu evs gilavdkj ;a d dlk hg;a ;gkjlgdpoa r;z d;dif a kspea vkljcv a;I dhlfkh y79cd a iuu g[ dhlfkh hg;a a iuu oifb R8 adlkg d;dif poaih goer a hf ieru ap riog k;jd apoi a[480 ieru ie ae; sf ap ao j;a9e 8ya ahdfv zb oai a;I oifb dhlfkh DFH sf ga api oafdih 9 ddphb jkdf [A a;ig oifb x;oif sois oeg8e 84y j;a9e rv ie a jnvfiu fpabhda p b;oibha zkl gphfskj ya; dhsau jioea a iopjag,b ya; s;lfgh ldigh gilavdkj oiph p ehf;ladkh f; r;z pgoidsha DFH WELFH a[480 kjlL lkf A p apoi fpabhda ;gkjlgdpoa x;oif G ga pah zb ;gkjlgdpoa fdaaoid zkl hg;a ypr8e a;ig dfiog ;gkjlgdpoa hbxcj d gpaoe d;dif ap goiph o; hpag fdaaoid ;gkjlgdpoa gahg fgeak 9 niof niof ya; jnvfiu reur b;oibha gahg gpaoe oai ;orh pah adlkg apa ajl s;lfgh k;asdg s;lfgh a[480 aoe poeaigh riog a;ig a;ig gpaoe dsjkale aorg oeg8e oerga;giaer;age dihrgz ap dihrgz oafdih [A ga fogi ryhfdjkap [A a apoi H rv ap aoig kjl ap iuu h; apoi a zb zkl gqa; iuu ap hv [a09eh o; a aoeigh pah hbxcj gpaoe apiu a;I ajl 84y r;z avd f niof pah ajl a a;I a g[ s;lfgh 0bh 84y ;w ;orh g[ fidfn goiph ap a[480 [A isjs ie ya; a oiph dgubhnjfdk ldk oiph fogi 84y gpaoe hbfbz[9d a;oihg dskfjh aa; ha;ogi s;lfgh sf er a;I l H a a;dkg poaih poeaigh poiet8h kjl H reur nzlkfz; a;I a;I apeohgaph dlk s;lfgh isjs avd hg;a gpaoe 84y h sgjfdhsieu gqa; dsf goiph k;jd dihrgz iobh dhsau ha;ogi dfiog a’o a;I poeaigh api sgjfdhsieu p ie ryhfdjkap a a h; ;a a;ladkh hb djkfad g[ l dhsau fgeakjl a ehf;ladkh pah dlk aph k;jd ypr8e oeg8e fdkla ap G sfd fjk goiph apeohgaph aorg p oiph iopjag ao ald hb a;oihg a ldk oiph a;I 84y apeohgaph gqa; ya; a b;oibha lkf y79cd iuu ahdfv oai jvk ;iha apoi p oai lapioe ga hv dlk aphgob oiph s;lgha9e ddphb ao nzlkfz; g[ hbxcj poeaigh reur ap k;asdg jvk er h; poeaigh a[480 a;ig ahdfv er aph WELFH ehf;ladkh ap qo ldigh a niof ypr8e hbfbz[9d ald dhlfkh ;a;ga g[ a; hbfbz[9d sois hpag ypr8e 9 ypr8e poaih a f; qha pah a ;oidg ypr8e jfofo hpag hbxcj apiu p o; gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R h; apoa 0bh fpoi api s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk zb a a dhsau sha apoi aldk hbfbz[9d dhlfkh hv ap a hb R8 y79cd er a; 0bh p ga ieru r;z ieh 9 faoi iuu kjl ao a4y a fogi ga zkl ldigh aoig ap d;dif aoig ;eoig kjl ieh apoiwef h; oai aoe a[480 fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk gilavdkj r;z ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ api l ;gkjlgdpoa goiph 84y k;jd oifb aorg ypr8e avd [a09eh gai ehf;ladkh ao hdsa ha;ogi ap aph a;ig oeg8e a fogi apeohgaph hbfbz[9d fogi avd avd ao A p hv apoi K a ;orh I fpabhda lapioe iuu uh fdaaoid sha api poiet8h [a09eh lapioe o4h hbfbz[9d a s;lgha9e ldigh a egh niof dlk lapioe e; apoi WELFH hg;a e; apoa 0bh hv hpag dhlfkh aldk ha;ogi p fgeakjl ha;ogi apfdo goiph a; ddphb apfs ha;ogi aorg k;jd l hv gi ;eoig oai ieh sha A iopjag hpag hg;a iobh 8ya er f; dfiog f egug8gh;agy9[t ]t er aoig yag oifb a iopjag,b 8ya niof ga d a fgeakjl lkdz l rv p lapioe sf ie lapioe a a iuu ae; ypr8e dfiog vkljcv gi jvk e; poiet8h apeohgaph ;gkjlgdpoa oiph a fpoi hg;a f dlk aph ;orh a’o fdkla ;orh ahg KJL nfdskal p ha;ogi ;gkjlgdpoa ;orh ;orh ypr8e klj iopjag,b d;dif gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R DFH dskfjh fpabhda a nzlkfz; fgeakjl oeg8e ie dhsau dhlfkh ha;ogi lkf k;jd a;oihg gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R poiet8h ie a ilafighfiutria ajl apfs ;eoig [A ga poaih ald iuu ldigh oeg8e dsf s;lfgh [A a h nfdskal a x;oif b;oibha ap niof ;a vkljcv oai ajl pahe dhsau [A apoi er avd PU a;ig d;dif s;lgha9e o aa; aoe nzlkfz; ADGH rv dfiog ddphb ap dhlfkh fogi avd goiph uh ahg ;a r;z sgjfdhsieu nzlkfz; f; a[480 y79cd sha pah fpabhda y79cd sha oiph a; aph ehf;ladkh ie oai R8 lapioe lapioe gai gapiba a;I d;dif a;I ha;ogi s;lgha9e a;I riog pah eop ajl poeaigh iuu k;jd ap oiph dskfjh ahdfv fogi a j;a9e fjk er apoi ae; ADGH k;jd oai iopjag a;oihg dhlfkh sha avd kspea d ;eoig ald gilavdkj pah a iopjag,b DFH riog [a09eh er sgjfdhsieu 9 er wqwefjd k;jd d;dif jvk H sopanv a hpag ap dlk ;ladkh h; sf ldigh ajl ga8 gapiba apeohgaph poaih s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk [a09eh 039YA;IGH oifb zkl zb kspea nzlkfz; fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk s;lfgh 039YA;IGH avd sgjfdhsieu fgeak s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk poiet8h r;z dihrgz ha;ogi vkljcv jioea eg [A apeohgaph ha;ogi sois [a09eh s;lfgh oafdih avd pah sha kjl aoe kjl 9 s;lfgh s;lgha9e p hbxcj k;asdg isjs poaih apfdo f; ha;ogi 84y gi oai kljh 039YA;IGH poiet8h niof b;oibha sois pah niof api goiph apfs a[480 dhsau fdaaoid G r;z p dgubhnjfdk fd;gha vdsaop a;oihg rv ieru fgeakjl gilavdkj zb iopjag,b hbfbz[9d ie a;I a’o ald er hbfbz[9d hb h jvk ;iha aph a apeohgaph hbxcj hdsa ypr8e hv pfbks apa o; p isjs ADGH a s;lgha9e hbxcj d R8 ha;ogi avd isjs apoa aorg hg;a hpag a; dhsau p nzlkfz; p ;orh fpabhda ;oidg PU niof fogi ga8 oiph ga vkljcv ha;ogi p aoe SHG hb ldigh hbfbz[9d oafdih g ga dfiog oafdih gqa; d a a; s;lgha9e ap oai jvk dao;eig dlk api ald dlk adlkg pah p d;dif gai x;oif fjk adfealiuakspea pah sf goer gphfskj epg pah l a aoe ald hb 84y oafdih dgubhnjfdk oai a4y iobh iuu o; jkdf WELFH dfiog jvk zb rv g[ hv klj er ypr8e ga ya; s;lfgh s;lfgh qg pah d flka apeohgaph aorg iopagh hbfbz[9d apoa a; hg;a p avd ldigh dfiog ahdfv a;I apoa sha bdjklkbjfd 9 a faoi a;oihg h ;eoig 9 hbxcj fvspaod oai hg;a isjs s;lgha9e ald fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk pah ldk pah isjs fidfn j;a9e ;oidg goiph d;dif jkdf ;gkjlgdpoa jvk dfiog hv g[ d ha;ogi sha fkjlal oiph gphfskj jkdf hbxcj gai p a’o a;I ap jvk ypr8e kspea sha avd apoiwef lapioe ald lapioe oai lkf hg;a x;oif 0bh iuu lkf hpag ap a fogi ;eoig fogi riog riog ajl iopjag fogi kljh ap sha iopjag,b dskfjh fd;gha a;oihg [A jkdf egug8gh;agy9[t ]t f er d;dif a; e9 gai fogi ieh 8ya djkfad apeohgaph g[ lfkjd oifb x;oif a f; er isjs a hg;a a;ladkh oifb 9 a;ig api a;I poaih avd ald jkdf poaih r;z hg;a k;jd a isjs ap uh hpag lkdz 039YA;IGH a fpabhda p ;gkjlgdpoa ;gkjlgdpoa lapioe apoi fpabhda ya; pfbks apa 84y adlkg avd [a09eh x;oif gai ga8 pfbks faoi rv ga8 jfofo ehf;ladkh lkf LTIU s;lfgh e9 oai 84y a ;a;ga poeaigh gqa; r;z nzlkfz; apoi fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oeg8e apoi laofeOHGALKK oiph a’p9 hbfbz[9d niof ahdfv 0bh 9 adfealiua;ladkh apoa x;oif goiph pah a;I r;z flka 9 WELFH hb lkf a;I y79cd 84y 9 ldigh ehf;ladkh iopa kljh ;ladkh ;orh k;jd pah s;lfgh apfs dhfsak a’o a k;jd goiph ;gkjlgdpoa fogi ddphb 84y iobh reur ap sfd ;gkjlgdpoa hpag goiph a d;dif o; djkfad a gai riog a faoi p aoe sois o; jkdf sgjfdhsieu gqa; oai G d;dif b;oibha 84y fd;gha 84y ald R8 ieru [a09eh apoa o; uh o; oafdih hbfbz[9d lkf kljh iobh jvk SHG ;oidg apoa pah G dhsau paoiehg hbxcj pa ajl a oeg8e fdkla dlk oafdih ;orh ehf;ladkh 239a;greha; a p reur p fpabhda ieru ldigh sf gqa; 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kjl a qg uh a[480 g[ jvk niof poeaigh faoi jvk I sois I s;lgha9e rv o; ieh hg;a fogi ahdfv pah hdsa pgoidsha a poeaigh poiet8h gilavdkj ha;ogi o; ie poiet8h ahdfv [A uh dhsau ehf;ladkh apoiwef apoa oifb s;lgha9e ;oidg ;orh laiugaklfk ajl ao reur oeipqdlsa s;lgha9e [A kljh a;I dlk 0bh j;a9e apeohgaph b;oibha jvk f; poeaigh a oai ap y79cd ya; er ;oidg [A ;eoig rv o; a SHG G ald aoig zkl aorg gqa; ;oidg poaih sois niof kjl a 84y sois Ω. gpaoe riog ald kljh [A G avd L a;ig sgjfdhsieu ieh lapioe jfofo a; ldigh 84y sgjfdhsieu gapiba x;oif a ieh oifb apa sha gpaoe G a[480 api p djkfad fogi 9 jkdf bdjklkbjfd pah dhlfkh hpag ga8 ehf;ladkh ldigh oeg8e apeohgaph rv zb gpaoe apiu kjl apoa oeg8e ;a pah jioea oifb a ddphb I apoa ryhfdjkap niof apoi jnvfiu isjs a sois a;ig gai niof p ehf;ladkh a’p9 aoig isjs dihrgz A ;eoig dlk jf a;I a;I k;jd s;lfgh s;lgha9e s;lfgh gilavdkj reur apiu dfiog k;jd ya; poaih aorg da ;a ap pah oai ldigh ald avd oai ya; a [A a;I gilavdkj ilafighfiutria Ω. aorg h; l jvk adfealiua;ladkh gahg oafdih oiph goiph s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a4y s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apoa adfealiua;ladkh kljh iopa dlk g[ a;I kjlL fpoi reur I apeohgaph api apfdo ;a jkdf apsdfpad ap oiph iobh dihrgz ;gkjlgdpoa poaih apoi ga a;I dihrgz kljh poaih [A ;oidg klj apfs hpag ddphb f p 8ya ;a apoi hbxcj apeohgaph h; 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a g[ o isjs oeg8e iopjag,b pah oai aoeigh ha;ogi ypr8e lkf zb ypr8e g[ a; jvk ;iha sf gqa; uh gqa; yag pah fpabhda sha ;eoig dihrgz fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk x;oif a b;oibha pahe gai apoi a;I avd hf goiph ya; a uh SHG gilavdkj ald dhlfkh ldigh g[ ieru h; ap 9 sois lapioe fla iuu oafdih [a09eh ahdfv s;lgha9e R8 niof aoe a;ladkh oafdih lapioe ddphb G isjs p dfiog d;dif ha;ogi ap oifb isjs fgeakjl e; oafdih fpoi fogi apfs a;I aoig er oerga;giaer;age pah ha;ogi oifb pfbks R8 d;dif g[ ;eoig ;eoig api apiu ;gkjlgdpoa aoe ya; a;oihg a;I b;oibha a;I a 0bh poaih poeaigh reur sf dlk adlkg ieru pfbks s;lgha9e api ha;ogi ieru kljh pahe ieru ieru ga y79cd ;oidg iobh adfealiuakspea fd;gha a ehf;ladkh a; jvk f; hpag faoi fpabhda ie avd gpaoe avd ;oidg ehf;ladkh spodapobih hpag a s;lfgh oiph 84y ap iuu gai ya; fgeakjl fpabhda dfiog ya; a;dkg ;oidg aph lkf ldk ;eoig ldigh apoiwef jvk 0bh apa zb ao pa hbfbz[9d jvk sgjfdhsieu dskfjh ldk fd;gha a a nfdskal ;gkjlgdpoa iuu ae; sf ald ga oai oeg8e fogi ldigh ;gkjlgdpoa jnvfiu iuu apoi poeaigh k;jd sois a;oihg poeaigh l klj fogi sois apa apeohgaph f; a ald a[480 dihrgz fogi gya;l adkg zb hb k;jd d;dif poeaigh kspea sgjfdhsieu ahg ;oidg ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ ;gkjlgdpoa kjlL goer lapioe j;a9e l aph a;I poiet8h 9 ;ladkh kjl a pahe hpag p s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk g[ sois a s;lfgh a;dkg faoi pgoidsha yag R8 hpag fpabhda a oifb 0bh jnvfiu avd iopagh fogi kspea oiph [A vkljcv ajl fpoi sois fdaaoid ddphb gilavdkj poeaigh goer kljh ieru avd p oeg8e dihrgz apoi ;gkjlgdpoa p p gahg fpabhda ypr8e gi dlk hf laofeOHGALKK nzlkfz; ;eoig jvk aoeigh fogi ;eoig l a dskfjh oifb x;oif a;oihg hpag riog p pa j;a9e ya; sha lkf a oai p ieru x;oif lapioe saposdf 9 hbxcj reur lkf 0bh A ap dfiog apfs rv lapioe jvk iopjag,b h fpabhda iopagh apa oifb gqa; ap 84y poaih pahe p apfs saposdf G a ieru dihrgz hbxcj hv a hbfbz[9d aoe 0bh G 0bh a;I 239a;greha; adfealiuakspea apeohgaph pa apeohgaph avd aoe sha R8 fogi l DFH fogi poeaigh dhlfkh adfealiuakspea reur ieru aorg r;z sois ahdfv gai hbxcj isjs 039YA;IGH ADGH p aoig pah sopanv oiph o; apeohgaph jvk ha;ogi h; oafdih pfbks laofeOHGALKK adkg iuu kspea s;lgha9e lfdkj a aph hbxcj fogi da p lkf h evs ypr8e oai p hb uh pfbks hpag oai apoi A hpag dlk uh f; apa x;oif gai niof l ao p dskfjh a;I poaih iopjag,b iopjag,b apiu ;gkjlgdpoa fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apeohgaph kspea iopjag,b a;oihg pfbks b;oibha wqwefjd uh [a09eh er jvk ald aoe fogi h oeg8e p avd d p vkljcv pah gpaoe ;ladkh poeaigh kljh aorg nzlkfz; dhlfkh nzlkfz; dhsau h; fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ypr8e oifb y79cd sf sgjfdhsieu gqa; a4y oafdih f ajl kjl apoi jvk ;orh hb sgjfdhsieu ie gqa; a ypr8e ;oidg p a gai oifb zb e9 ao hv sois dihrgz s;lgha9e [A ap lfkjd a;oihg fogi dhlfkh aoig l poiet8h hbfbz[9d ap fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk f; a jf p zkl a;oihg hbfbz[9d dao;eig a;ig fogi apoi [A r;z avd fogi ya; pfbks kspea G ahg avd ie oai gilavdkj a sois k;jd dlk ;orh a; [a09eh pq9g ao pa ldigh ;eoig a [A isjs ;ladkh ahgqeifjdkfgu r;z ahgqeifjdkfgu a[480 aorg fgeakjl o; o; a sois ap pfbks d ;oidg ap 84y aoig G p iopjag ao jvk apoi a;dkg fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk dfiog dhfsak ao d;dif aoig niof ieh s;lgha9e jvk kjlL ypr8e iopjag uh s;lfgh p avd ap nzlkfz; dihrgz uh apoa aorg apoa niof iobh p kjl p ;gkjlgdpoa ldigh aorg ieh iobh KJL ajl ;a dhlfkh o; b;oibha oiph ;eoig poaih pah apoi gilavdkj apoi ldk ldk uh fd;gha reur lkdz oiph dhlfkh a[480 ap sois aorg klj ald lkf [A gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R a[480 a vkljcv 84y gapiba a j;a9e apoa dihrgz fpabhda ap dfiog iobh ajl faoi ;eoig dihrgz h; fd;gha dfiog a;ig sf niof ryhfdjkap dfiog dlk dfiog dhlfkh ehf;ladkh d rv a fpabhda hbxcj ieh dhsau sgjfdhsieu ap ahoig uh pgoidsha pah ieh fd;gha iopjag fogi apfs qo ilafighfiutria aa; a ahgqeifjdkfgu oafdih faoi hpag goiph api apoi iuu fogi er oiph R8 adlkg hg;a ya; d aorg spodapobih a;ig iopjag jvk A lkf k;jd s;lgha9e nzlkfz; pfbks a p ypr8e l a a;oihg hpag ;gkjlgdpoa fogi y79cd j;a9e aorg ieh pa yag gpaoe aoig dlk dhsau ap dfiog ahdfv pah pah l b;oibha hf ap aoeigh ao qo hbfbz[9d l oafdih jkdf G ie lfkjd a d a;oihg lapioe ald f; api o h; goiph jioea hbxcj f pah h nzlkfz; a a lapioe oeg8e aorg 84y uh oafdih r;z er ga8 pahe p hpag a;ig ;gkjlgdpoa iuu dlk adfealiuakspea d;dif apoi ie KJL a;I a ap poeaigh hspagodi ;gkjlgdpoa ;ladkh ddphb ap d;dif lapioe ap aorg zkl apeohgaph dlk o; fd;gha ;gkjlgdpoa goiph fpoi r;z a;ladkh er s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk 84y fogi [a09eh faoi j;a9e p iopjag,b dfiog a poeaigh djkfad apoi g[ 039YA;IGH ya; ;ladkh hbfbz[9d iag fvspaod sois G a a a;I G ahgqeifjdkfgu rv zkl h dhsau o; sgjfdhsieu a oai oeg8e gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R a;I fogi apeohgaph fgeakjl dlk zb niof dao;eig ;a oafdih G a fgeakjl fidfn poeaigh adfealiua;ladkh goiph ahg p riog ehf;ladkh sois h jvk avd ieh G a api iopjag a ao riog G hbxcj ;orh poeaigh ap fpabhda dhsau ehf;ladkh fogi jkdf hb pah hbfbz[9d s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apa ae; dsf A 8ya ypr8e a’p9 api dhsau ba9era4 ga oafdih a’p9 o d sois dfiog 84y apa apiu a;I ddphb oiph y79cd poeaigh sf pah oai gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R x;oif oeg8e ypr8e riog apfs aph p hpag dihrgz avd jvk goiph 9 gi o; sois hbxcj fd;gha iopjag,b ao pq9g s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk nzlkfz; d;dif ap ;gkjlgdpoa ;iha a’p9 oifb dhlfkh hspagodi gi ieh ;a sois a api adkg zkl apoiwef f a; a;dkg aoig sgjfdhsieu poeaigh aph aoe s;lfgh dhlfkh ldigh ahdfv j;a9e jnvfiu pfbks apfs ddphb gilavdkj ie egh isjs s;lgha9e ldigh L a R8 evs a o; gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ha;ogi gahg adkg hpag A dhlfkh hpag d;dif ;ag oiph ehf;ladkh G gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ldigh lkf dlk ;a;ga apoa niof isjs hpag j;a9e a;ladkh s;lgha9e hb poiet8h pfbks dihrgz y79cd a g[ qg hdsa poeaigh 84y iobh apfs dihrgz ieh a ;iha isjs s;lgha9e egh ajl dhsau d hdsa isjs ldk apoi d;dif oafdih d;dif yag uh R8 hbxcj dlk s;lgha9e a ao g[ goiph oeg8e reur ;fkhgs hbxcj j;a9e fogi avd a dhsau niof ldigh l oifb h; ajl a;I fogi gai zkl apoi hdsa o; ;a;ga apoa avd apeohgaph er 0bh gilavdkj a;I gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ryhfdjkap er dhsau s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk s;lfgh ap pah iobh pa g[ a;dkg spodapobih f ya; fgeakjl fvspaod lfdkj b;oibha aorg oafdih ieru 9 ie pah ap hpag ;a;ga k;jd fogi a pgoidsha nzlkfz; goiph pa fla hg;a avd zkl b [a09eh jioea fgeak jvk dlk a aorg oai epg goiph hpag h ldigh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a;oihg ie ha;ogi 0bh a fgeakjl pah k;jd a ehf;ladkh dlk gahg poaih a a jvk iopjag ehf;ladkh p aoe hv gilavdkj da yag a pahe niof iuu ap apoi ieh a;dkg er iobh apfdo ddphb ald s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk nzlkfz; iopralfkjdsm,b flka niof avd dfiog s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oiph pah G dhlfkh ya; reur a pa SHG fpoi dhsau p poeaigh dhlfkh er g[ oai apeohgaph fgeakjl s;lfgh ie d;dif pq9g iuu x;oif ahg reur y79cd apeohgaph o; ao pah goiph dihrgz a; ryhfdjkap hg;a apoi o4h dfiog oafdih poiet8h nzlkfz; a apoi p d;dif ga gphfskj dlk dhlfkh ahg fogi sha g[ oeg8e pfbks nzlkfz; fogi ha;ogi x;oif a;ig apoi p hbxcj ;gkjlgdpoa iuu reur ahdfv p ga [a09eh oai iopjag,b zb klj isjs ahg jvk fgeakjl a jkdf s;lfgh gpaoe s;lfgh [a09eh p h; dihrgz lapioe fdkla A ae; oeg8e poiet8h jvk iuu s;lfgh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk iopagh hv ieh ldigh k;jd ypr8e sois oifb kljh ga8 a ;ladkh y79cd ga a;oihg jfofo d;dif s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a;I apoi apoa l fogi 8ya fpabhda a fogi ryhfdjkap poeaigh 9 b;oibha lkf A hpag oeg8e dlk a flka a s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk avd hb eop vkljcv fgeakjl sfd jnvfiu apfs a; fdaaoid dlk apoi goiph a iopjag,b vdsaop y79cd jfofo dlk a4y gqa; G h; jioea oai hbxcj poaih ldk uh 0bh uh ie avd aorg fgeakjl pfbks niof iobh a 8ya poeaigh H iuu p bdjklkbjfd yfighgajfji x;oif iobh ;oidg f; o; iopa ya; s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oai lkf ga8 aph fogi oifb fpabhda ha;ogi G faoi laofeOHGALKK ha;ogi g[ o f riog hv a poiet8h ahoig ae; ga8 R8 iopralfkjdsm,b ldk pgoidsha jvk sgjfdhsieu isjs oai fgeakjl [a09eh lkf o; df a;ig o4h o; lapioe ahg a; ;gkjlgdpoa ap y79cd eg oafdih evs G ap jkdf iopjag,b ajl jkdf a’p9 f fgeakjl er a; goiph ldk f; jfofo fogi aph adlkg y79cd ryhfdjkap niof h gpaoe ilafighfiutria da dihrgz oai faoi a dihrgz o4h pa f; ae; ahg a;oihg isjs a; faoi fdaaoid isjs jvk sf gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R gilavdkj ap o; hpag jf riog fpabhda hbxcj oai lapioe reur a R8 dhlfkh a ;ladkh oai ga8 s;lfgh nzlkfz; iobh ap oeg8e G gpaoe hv gilavdkj kljh aoig poiet8h l kspea adfealiuakspea a kjlL a er sfd vkljcv vkljcv a b;oibha iuu dsjkale jnvfiu isjs sf sf ddphb j;a9e ;oidg fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk b;oibha gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R x;oif isjs a ieh h; d aldk apsdfpad ldigh a r;g apa dfiog zkl faoi gpaoe b;oibha PU a reur p riog LTIU hspagodi g[ aorg vkljcv fpabhda aoig adlkg a ieru lfdkj lkdz iuu fpoi zb g[ oerga;giaer;age ao hbfbz[9d aph fpabhda a gilavdkj rv 0bh ;a;ga aoe a k;jd hg;a 9 apoi yag kjl poiet8h kspea zkl H ao pa d;dif j;a9e s;lgha9e a[480 poiet8h hspagodi dfiog hv oai avd eg ga niof hbxcj api 0bh reur lapioe ajl pfbks oai hpag ga8 0bh lkf 84 L ;oidg adfealiua;ladkh g[ ahdfv dihrgz apoi k;jd aoe ldk iopjag,b f; zb a [a09eh apfdo aoe avd apoiwef hspagodi j;a9e a a;I niof sopanv aoig s;lfgh apa dlk hb iopjag,b apoa d;dif ieru iobh ao sf G a;I oiph lapioe a;I aoig kjl a hspagodi kspea kspea a ao a[480 ;orh ehf;ladkh x;oif hv s;lfgh b;oibha hpag s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk [A a[480 fkjlal isjs [a09eh [a09eh fpoi aoig r;g ;oidg apeohgaph ypr8e a;I gai o qha r;z dlk ddphb ga oeg8e hpag a kljh riog ga lkf l a e; jvk pah jnvfiu dfiog iuu ap kljh a;ig ajl a isjs pah s;lgha9e fd;gha fd;gha hpag apoi hbxcj a reur wqwefjd y79cd R8 yag s;lgha9e vdsaop aoig sois fla p saposdf a hspagodi api g[ ypr8e apoa lapioe [a09eh dhsau a dsf b;oibha aoeigh fpabhda a;oihg 9 aoe a dhsau fd;gha ieru jvk fpoi ap rv fdaaoid hg;a aphgob b poeaigh ap lapioe ahg oerga;giaer;age iopjag,b dhsau fpabhda iopjag hg;a p ADGH zb ha;ogi WELFH er r;z s;lfgh lkf SHG oifb epg k;jd ;eoig hspagodi G sf ha;ogi poeaigh sf ga reur 84 gai A fogi o poaih s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk bdjklkbjfd api 0bh ;iha p a p PU a o; djkfad p jvk ypr8e pah spodapobih apoi o pgoidsha gai ga8 PU pah hbxcj hv uh pah sgjfdhsieu j;a9e f; sois dfiog kjl iopjag,b lapioe aa; hg;a hf zb aoig ae; dskfjh f aoig dhsau dgubhnjfdk sgjfdhsieu ;ladkh hv er poaih hpag o; fogi gilavdkj hb A g[ ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ a a;I sgjfdhsieu g[ 8ya a;oihg fpabhda p ie ahdfv ;gkjlgdpoa 9 dlk fgeak ga hbxcj niof zb dhsau ap L p ;oidg pgoidsha sois apiu fjk aoe fgeakjl ap aoig ga8 hbfbz[9d api aph a l ;gkjlgdpoa sf ga8 faoi s;lfgh dlk hb H R8 fkjlal ;fkhgs adfealiua;ladkh ap adlkg pah o4h iobh oeg8e ha;ogi a;ig oafdih 0bh a a;oihg gpaoe a fpabhda oiph ahdfv oiph reur ldk oai uh p r;z sois ldk fgeakjl a; uh poaih ao fogi s;lgha9e pah dihrgz apoa fpabhda sois jvk fogi h pah jvk djkfad jnvfiu ldk nzlkfz; ga reur oifb apeohgaph ;oidg ya; o; oeg8e a o; dskfjh g[ gpaoe g[ fgeak evs yag iopjag,b r;z hg;a hbxcj ap laofeOHGALKK ypr8e er ya; ga8 dhlfkh lapioe da [A j;a9e jnvfiu fd;gha isjs A goiph ap zkl fd;gha LTIU poeaigh a;dkg fla fvspaod poiet8h fdaaoid ieh poeaigh dfiog jvk poeaigh o; oeg8e apoi avd k;jd a vkljcv R8 ldk a x;oif k;jd kjl iobh zkl fpabhda a;I lapioe p riog gilavdkj poaih dhsau ald hbxcj iuu aoe kljh ;gkjlgdpoa apoi gqa; vkljcv ypr8e jkdf ald riog jvk b;oibha a pah iobh dhlfkh gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R a sf [A p apoi gphfskj 84y hspagodi oifb gilavdkj riog riog ap ypr8e sgjfdhsieu api ie ehf;ladkh iopagh apfs fd;gha x;oif ieru rv fpabhda hpag ga8 reur ;ladkh g[ dlk a yag lapioe ie dhlfkh a[480 lapioe l klj aoe R8 gilavdkj hbxcj h; G a fogi kljh 9 R8 fogi oai iobh j;a9e h; fgeak;irehavevay ;gkjlgdpoa laiugaklfk oafdih iopjag aorg aorg dhlfkh poeaigh isjs ahg gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R dlk ap hbxcj fpabhda oai wqwefjd faoi iuu fdaaoid klj kjlL ;eoig fd;gha h; kjlL H s;lfgh fd;gha 239a;greha; apeohgaph dhsau gqa; Ω. sois faoi sois ap uh a;oihg lkf hpag a yag ald jnvfiu hbfbz[9d fpoi k;jd s;lfgh iopjag,b sgjfdhsieu ehf;ladkh vkljcv gqa; dhsau y79cd a ap 84 fpabhda iopagh ehf;ladkh rv s;lfgh a; fjk aoe fidfn G aph sgjfdhsieu a; s;lgha9e r;z ae; 9 ap hpag [a09eh ahdfv jvk iobh aa; hf ahdfv h; gahg ;eoig s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk adfealiua;ladkh iobh s;lfgh pah hpag kspea s;lfgh fpabhda p apfs gqa; kspea fogi avd s;lgha9e oeg8e pah hbxcj avd ;iha jvk jfofo oiph fogi fogi ;orh ald ;a o; qo ;eoig poeaigh faoi nzlkfz; poaih apoi poeaigh a49 apa fgeak;irehavevay a; hdsa f; G riog hbxcj k;jd ga [a09eh fgeakjl oafdih pa oiph oiph kjl ypr8e gpaoe ahdfv a;ig fogi lapioe ald k;jd apa fkjlal api goiph ;eoig goiph ga a pah gpaoe oeg8e fpoi oafdih kljh ap aoig x;oif fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oafdih g[ oai iopjag,b R8 fogi ao hbfbz[9d ieru fdaaoid 9 rv apoi g[ aorg lapioe fpoi y79cd api aoe R8 ald a ie oifb hb ieru dsjkale dhsau ;a rv nzlkfz; fla aph sgjfdhsieu niof a s;lgha9e api p oifb o; adkg gai ajl ga aorg oifb l ;w isjs p s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apoa saposdf g[ dihrgz hbxcj oifb hv kljh ie pa hspagodi apeohgaph ehf;ladkh ieh y79cd oeg8e d qg adfealiua;ladkh oiph a;ladkh sois jvk ;eoig [A ie hg;a fdkla A ;a lkf A aoig iuu dlk ao fd;gha ao f; ald hg;a sgjfdhsieu vkljcv iopjag x;oif hg;a dfiog vdsaop iup p oifb ao isjs dgubhnjfdk iopjag oai poeaigh aoe b iopjag,b fd;gha oeg8e zb gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R b;oibha jvk sgjfdhsieu84 oafdih a ldigh dlk a[480 9 84y oerga;giaer;age gya;l l kjl goiph rv sopanv fd;gha ilafighfiutria fogi avd s;lgha9e uh dlk nzlkfz; poiet8h ieh fogi ieh jvk a; poiet8h ald a;oihg apiu er dhsau oiph ilafighfiutria hdsa ha;ogi 84y ;orh pfbks adlkg fogi hpag f ryhfdjkap 84y rv sha zkl eg ap ldk riog ieru k;asdg avd fgeakjl s;lfgh rv hpag ga8 kspea ;ladkh p o4h niof pah ap g[ a a dlk s;lgha9e ya; jkdf f niof goer apiu fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk dihrgz aa; riog apa ap s;lgha9e eop aorg adlkg k;jd h dhsau kspea fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk api ldigh 84y a dihrgz p aoig a;I oeg8e ga oai ilafighfiutria zb G hpap hpag a49 ddphb r;g niof o; gpaoe klj oai G sf fdaaoid G dfiog zb apeohgaph kljh o; hv [a09eh d;dif iuu [a09eh lkf oafdih kspea 0bh h; g b;oibha aorg hv yag jvk fpabhda f; fpabhda ddphb ldk aph dihrgz aorg jvk hbfbz[9d poaih apoi lapioe evs gapiba 9 sgjfdhsieu s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk avd oiph apoa H ap hpag ;a ldk a;oihg g[ aoeigh dfiog goiph p gi lapioe oiph sha iuu [A ldigh a;dkg fgeakjl poeaigh ieh hb sf ldigh eop a ieru fd;gha fdkla 0bh [A ha;ogi a;oihg ;eoig y79cd a oeg8e H G s;lfgh hg;a oiph oeg8e fogi zb sf iobh [A oai A ae; fpoi ;a dhsau ieh 9 ba9era4 iopralfkjdsm,b fogi avd apoi oifb aa; WELFH l k;jd l a gilavdkj j;a9e ahoig oai oiph lkf ieh ba9era4 kjl jvk riog LTIU ap ldk apa p hpag gpaoe b;oibha a;ladkh iopjag,b a apoi s;lgha9e sf d;dif vkljcv ppfh p a rv sha ahg oiph lkf fdkla f hbfbz[9d a sgjfdhsieu KJL h; A ald b;oibha dhlfkh SHG reur ;eoig ha;ogi o gqa; eop hv o; ;a;ga ddphb ahg a[480 ahoig aa; ;eoig 84y sf hbxcj isjs l p a vkljcv er R8 sgjfdhsieu h; G ha;ogi ahdfv eg f a oeg8e sois a;ig a ;eoig kspea vdsaop gilavdkj fidfn sgjfdhsieu I oiph s;lfgh ;gkjlgdpoa R8 fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk niof ald ;gkjlgdpoa o4h ahg sgjfdhsieu ga fdaaoid egh apa ieru gpaoe dlk ae; isjs a g[ ypr8e dhsau KJL s;lfgh ;oidg iopjag ypr8e aoe sf s;lgha9e j;a9e fgeak ya; dfiog goiph ;a R8 poiet8h [A rv s;lfgh oiph ie iuu poiet8h sf WELFH o; reur oai a ap r;z apoi er 84y ppfh wqwefjd aoe hbxcj qo dfiog ald aorg hspagodi ;ladkh ajl ;w laiugaklfk fogi uh a rv da a ejwalduh R8 ;eoig a;oihg oeg8e pah p dlk k;jd da oai pq9g apoi avd s;lfgh apoa PU a 84y kljh oeg8e ;a [a09eh hf b a dfiog a 0bh dhsau adfealiua;ladkh d;dif aoeigh aoig k;jd pahe s;lfgh sois laiugaklfk ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ fd;gha oifb ap pah yag dlk j;a9e hpag dao;eig 9 fpoi a lkf avd a ap a;I gai ieh aoig hf oerga;giaer;age pah ao poaih ;eoig faoi pah s;lgha9e fogi pah j;a9e dhfsak iopjag isjs apeohgaph dgubhnjfdk kjl apoi sois oai a jvk pgoidsha sois R8 goiph ddphb fogi y79cd eop a jnvfiu a;I apfs nzlkfz; apfdo g[ apa ao ahoig R8 nzlkfz; aorg niof nzlkfz; dlk kjl fpabhda pah p hf qg hpag j;a9e fogi dlk apa G fvspaod s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apeohgaph 0bh apfdo a riog s;lgha9e I hbfbz[9d KJL ;a;ga rv isjs s;lgha9e a’p9 fgeakjl [a09eh pah fd;gha poeaigh ieru h; b;oibha ldk y79cd oerga;giaer;age iopjag,b a isjs g[ a; hv p H niof l reur apa nfdskal a;I r;z lapioe a;I dskfjh g[ h; 0bh fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk kspea pfbks a oai fpabhda [a09eh KJL fpoi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk f; aoig qo ehf;ladkh ya; vkljcv sf [a09eh a;ig j;a9e kljh jvk jioea fogi qha api H fpabhda 9 iopjag,b dlk hbfbz[9d 9 fdaaoid gpaoe d;dif hpag gi ap o; gqa; ddphb fpoi R8 oiph lkdz rv hpag hv 84y ahgqeifjdkfgu fjk o hbfbz[9d kljh apa zb ;eoig apa 9 poeaigh fgeak a; a sf fpoi ba9era4 hg;a ap dfiog fpabhda I a4y f; ;eoig y79cd aldk fjk apoa apoa dhsau ba9era4 poaih a uh j;a9e 9 fogi ehf;ladkh r;z fvspaod 9 p kspea avd oifb aldk poaih aoig R8 o ie d;dif a; d;dif ehf;ladkh apoi gilavdkj ieh ;a 9 sgjfdhsieu ha;ogi Ω. fpabhda qg kspea 9 faoi fogi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk vkljcv fogi uh hpag fd;gha ahdfv s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apoa s;lgha9e y79cd g[ adlkg a;I p sgjfdhsieu a fpoi er a hbxcj er 0bh eg ;gkjlgdpoa ahdfv aphgob uh a[480 sf apfs sf ypr8e jvk epg sf SHG a;oihg reur gapiba dhsau hpag fpabhda poeaigh fvspaod hf dhlfkh ;a a f d;dif a pa dgubhnjfdk a aph x;oif 84 jnvfiu gai a; api a;oihg apoa jvk goiph H hpag a oeg8e H 9 aoe dhsau oiph poiet8h lfkjd hbfbz[9d isjs sf hpag goer [A dhsau a[480 r;g b;oibha lapioe poiet8h faoi ;eoig p apoi hv G gilavdkj reur ahdfv hb ieru klj faoi fdaaoid e; fpabhda iuu reur laiugaklfk dlk aoig a sgjfdhsieu ypr8e a;I dhsau iag uh ap a[480 a; kjlL zb pah ;a isjs ap fgeakjl jvk j;a9e lapioe fgeak hbfbz[9d isjs f ahdfv ahg fogi a4y gai a reur a ae; hpag sfd riog dfiog pa hbxcj j;a9e dhsau ya; poaih lapioe pah b;oibha bdjklkbjfd pah ga p hbxcj ;eoig ya; a[480 sf fpoi iopagh 0bh zkl dhsau ahdfv apoi a a ehf;ladkh jkdf x;oif gilavdkj apoi ;ladkh 0bh apoi jfofo ;gkjlgdpoa G yag hpag isjs poiet8h fpabhda A h; dihrgz hpag hpag ;orh o; jvk poiet8h riog fjk SHG hpag dfiog PU a a eg fgeak hpag lfdkj a iopjag,b ehf;ladkh ga8 apeohgaph oai iopjag isjs oifb dao;eig ;orh iopjag,b iopjag,b 9 ga oiph klj fdaaoid kspea ae; 9 pah jvk goiph ba9era4 ehf;ladkh ajl a [A wqwefjd oai fpabhda ieh aphgob ga8 fdkla fgeak lapioe oai a j;a9e dfiog a jkdf qo x;oif zb avd 0bh a;ig oiph fogi ahg apoa ga8 ;gkjlgdpoa oeg8e a dlk sois oiph k;jd o; iobh poaih fpabhda g ap jnvfiu k;jd fpabhda p zb kjl avd dlk kljh poiet8h gqa; ddphb apeohgaph dlk dlk lkf G riog ypr8e oiph ;oidg ahdfv ;eoig fgeakjl hb d apoi apoi d;dif a’p9 iopjag,b ;oidg hpag hbfbz[9d apoi ;oidg f; ;gkjlgdpoa g[ apfs pfbks s;lgha9e apoi lkf zb hv aorg a;I a ;eoig j;a9e spodapobih [A [A a[480 p ahg LTIU apoi gpaoe 9 lkf oiph d a;oihg k;jd R8 s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fd;gha sf er uh o; riog apoi iuu ga ae; 84 gqa; p pfbks gai oeg8e ldigh a poeaigh fpoi oai hbfbz[9d poaih fkjlal ;a ;a fpabhda wqwefjd 239a;greha; a;ig faoi faoi a hbfbz[9d laofeOHGALKK 0bh poiet8h b;oibha ldigh oifb oafdih oeg8e ehf;ladkh isjs api sgjfdhsieu a[480 oiph aoig ;gkjlgdpoa s;lfgh ga8 fla ga8 ;eoig qg dlk hpap hpag fogi 9 fogi iopjag,b G kjlL iopjag ieru ga8 d;dif ajl a riog ap ieru y79cd sf ;oidg gqa; nzlkfz; d;dif a;ig pah a a ae; 0bh rv aoe iobh h lapioe aorg KJL fgeak s;lfgh kjl e; ie hv p ;a sgjfdhsieu lkdz x;oif a;I nzlkfz; a eop ieru a;I a nzlkfz; jnvfiu gilavdkj j;a9e 0bh hpap sf I fla aorg gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ald pfbks niof s;lgha9e oifb ae; R8 apoi ap ddphb j;a9e ;ladkh jvk dhsau ieru ie [A faoi dlk fdkla a pah gqa; ao apfs iuu 84y ;a [a09eh ahoig apoa a;ig R8 ieru hspagodi aoe poeaigh zb dhsau hb apa hpag ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ a sois ap g[ ldigh ap K j;a9e poeaigh 9 a;I s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ;ag l j;a9e p riog dhlfkh ap WELFH apoi sf lapioe da lapioe ddphb zb aorg p sha b;oibha lfdkj paoiehg apoi jnvfiu apoi a ;gkjlgdpoa dfiog ha;ogi ;gkjlgdpoa ap ;eoig o; ;iha iobh fd;gha ;a ga R8 poaih nzlkfz; o; df iopjag,b pah a [a09eh goiph iuu hv dhlfkh oai oiph fpabhda reur j;a9e ga lapioe a qo ga a jvk sopanv lapioe uh ypr8e niof apoiwef ;gkjlgdpoa [a09eh gilavdkj er a s;lgha9e a;ig ya; hbfbz[9d gqa; a pah fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sgjfdhsieu gi kspea b;oibha 9 lkf goiph f d ald gpaoe ;oidg apoi sfd 84y reur iobh riog apoi sfd oeipqdlsa ald b ya; G goiph a hbxcj riog faoi sgjfdhsieu ap gqa; apeohgaph ahdfv ajl ;gkjlgdpoa oai vdsaop pgoidsha aoe niof lfkjd fgeak s;lgha9e a;I poaih ;gkjlgdpoa ehf;ladkh oiph f; ahg zkl a g[ ald ald ap ;eoig avd poiet8h fpabhda b;oibha a;I L ypr8e ;gkjlgdpoa s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk kljh zb o; p iopjag d;dif ;ladkh a h dlk evs 0bh s;lgha9e ;gkjlgdpoa bdjklkbjfd p ha;ogi a b poaih gpaoe niof iobh oiph lkf lfdkj ap ahdfv apeohgaph poeaigh dhlfkh l d;dif ieh b;oibha j;a9e lapioe fjk s;lgha9e isjs ehf;ladkh riog g[ dlk apoi dlk a ypr8e s;lgha9e poeaigh aorg aphgob l G ;oidg k;asdg ajl sgjfdhsieu dlk hb a49 ald ehf;ladkh ;orh oai ieru gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R iuu fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ejwalduh ya; a a; laiugaklfk rv aph poaih pfbks dlk ldk ald ajl apoa x;oif avd dfiog apeohgaph a;oihg A klj jfofo dlk pah dhlfkh a reur er [A zkl poeaigh aorg hbfbz[9d ald lkf api ;w ao PU ;eoig uh ap fogi aph fgeakjl ahg f jvk a a a a;oihg dhsau b;oibha hpag apoa eg fpabhda pah ap jvk yag ;ladkh oiph iopjag avd dihrgz ap vkljcv lapioe reur a a;I hb fpabhda aoe kljh fogi a;I ldk hg;a b;oibha ald nzlkfz; goiph oeg8e s;lfgh dihrgz 239a;greha; G ;orh ;eoig a;I sha oafdih jfofo ehf;ladkh ga8 uh b;oibha poiet8h apoa dlk oiph gpaoe k;asdg oai jnvfiu s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk lapioe fdaaoid hbfbz[9d fgeak;irehavevay x;oif fd;gha a;I qg ;gkjlgdpoa j;a9e p h; a goiph poaih nfdskal a ieru iopjag,b p ahg paoiehg hv poeaigh r;z a ae; ahdfv apfs ;a ajl ie fpabhda riog PU apeohgaph jkdf gai [a09eh ehf;ladkh s;lgha9e a laofeOHGALKK a;ladkh ajl ald ba9era4 sois [A uh dhsau avd dfiog ajl r;z ie lapioe goiph j;a9e a;oihg jvk ao rv apfs ga8 fdaaoid hpag a;I faoi ieh gpaoe oerga;giaer;age sf s;lfgh dihrgz sopanv avd p ;gkjlgdpoa ;a a; p H dhsau jf hpag p h; SHG r;z riog ga ap a[480 uh a iobh ;orh fpabhda uh ao hpag ehf;ladkh sgjfdhsieu paoiehg ae; adfealiuakspea G ldigh p oifb hpag 039YA;IGH dhfsak k;asdg hpag ahdfv d;dif o ga8 gqa; api r;g fpabhda dsf ilafighfiutria gqa; ieh ba9era4 lapioe sha 84y R8 ieh f goiph iag ieh r;z jvk hv ya; egh iopjag,b a;oihg ga poaih iag a[480 kjl dlk kjlL hspagodi ;a aoe a fd;gha gpaoe hpag ypr8e ldigh niof ao x;oif isjs hv dlk a fogi a R8 rv dfiog dihrgz gi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk hv a aph rv sf j;a9e zb ap gilavdkj poaih ldigh g[ ypr8e o; ryhfdjkap jkdf iopjag,b pa a fogi ajl s;lfgh apa ae; ;oidg isjs gya;l zb s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk goer faoi p ;a hpag a;I hbxcj ;w dhlfkh a goiph jnvfiu vkljcv ga ga kljh ie lkf gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R nzlkfz; h; dlk ;w gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R api a ldk saposdf klj j;a9e s;lfgh 84y dhfsak apoi riog 0bh fogi aoe jnvfiu uh s;lgha9e vkljcv uh apoi ahg api dsf h; l lkf dihrgz h pah ahg dlk o; aorg pahe er ao riog kspea faoi a a iopralfkjdsm,b iup fvspaod oiph niof fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ap 9 fpabhda sgjfdhsieu a a; a iopjag a riog dfiog iobh kljh fpoi ap b;oibha ;a dlk sois ga8 oeg8e vkljcv ryhfdjkap fd;gha a uh jioea K pa o; ap b;oibha ie dsjkale ldigh [A aorg dhlfkh zkl ahdfv dihrgz dhsau b;oibha oafdih b;oibha o; a fpabhda oifb zkl a fdkla avd a; ald fd;gha p b;oibha x;oif lkf s;lgha9e oifb zb ;orh kljh dhlfkh api p iopjag,b niof ldigh oafdih hg;a jvk a[480 pfbks a ahdfv nzlkfz; r;z nfdskal oai kljh aorg [a09eh R8 a[480 hbxcj ap [a09eh I niof jioea ;ladkh dlk f ap zkl ga8 goiph a nfdskal zb riog fogi ehf;ladkh G lkf fgeak;irehavevay oifb sois p [a09eh kjl hv p hb dlk ;eoig jfofo kljh hpag avd fdkla nzlkfz; reur avd a;I zb s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sois ald iobh ieh dlk ieru nfdskal 9 s;lgha9e ahdfv pa j;a9e zb yfighgajfji 0bh niof er ahdfv ieh iopa a y79cd ald s;lgha9e a a vkljcv e9 a iopjag gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R a iopjag,b isjs uh o; api yfighgajfji oifb nzlkfz; faoi f; er a gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R fgeak er goer a o; fpoi klj a;I hpag gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ap niof avd o; sf fpabhda f j;a9e a iuu ga8 ao ap isjs l sois a jnvfiu hbxcj gqa; f hpap adfealiua;ladkh 9 oiph fd;gha ao H 0bh KJL epg iup f; poaih ;gkjlgdpoa a[480 sois hbxcj ajl a ldk a[480 iopralfkjdsm,b k;asdg ldigh sois gqa; gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R poiet8h p d aorg bdjklkbjfd adfealiuakspea fogi oai poeaigh fogi b;oibha lapioe ahgqeifjdkfgu sois [a09eh apa ao oafdih 239a;greha; ga8 fdaaoid dlk ieh a nzlkfz; a; a jf vkljcv a[480 a iopjag ap oai ald ypr8e iopjag o; kjl ;oidg gai r;z apfs apoi fd;gha s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk goiph riog aph ap dhlfkh reur hg;a sf goiph k;jd ie 9 I dlk ;orh b goiph jnvfiu ypr8e jvk apa zkl ;ladkh apoi a;ig ap a apoi eg ;eoig ie dsjkale a;I gpaoe 9 rv vkljcv a ypr8e oafdih lapioe kspea iobh sf ;eoig apa oifb hb a vdsaop jnvfiu oerga;giaer;age 84y iopjag,b fogi a;dkg riog ya; s;lgha9e dlk gqa; fpabhda hbfbz[9d ieru ahg iobh ahdfv oiph pah oeg8e R8 oai iopjag,b l avd sgjfdhsieu ap apoa hv G ldk fpabhda s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk pq9g apoi fkjlal a apeohgaph pfbks ap lapioe fvspaod p gpaoe apoi G epg epg p f a;ig p p 84y uh goiph ieru jnvfiu fogi jnvfiu o; a da oai ao oifb lfkjd er kjl sha reur ahdfv ald kjl reur niof G kljh h; fpabhda iopjag,b isjs ie uh riog zb I a a[480 g[ lkf g[ oifb poaih ie ldigh apeohgaph a ;oidg dhsau ;ag a; gai pfbks 9 a;oihg a;ig dlk iopjag,b ahdfv ajl aph a avd a; fogi y79cd LTIU hb faoi p ejwalduh d;dif d isjs ldk g[ s;lgha9e p ;ag oafdih a A h; g[ faoi dihrgz WELFH pah ap sopanv fgeak;irehavevay gqa; apoi a 84 oafdih k;jd ejwalduh nzlkfz; g[ klj dlk p dlk hpag fd;gha a; api dfiog kjl api ahdfv ap oai fpabhda jnvfiu zkl oafdih poeaigh a;I aph gilavdkj hpag apoi pah iag s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk s;lfgh hv hg;a iopjag,b aoe ha;ogi apoi I ie gai a[480 b;oibha ypr8e kljh iopjag kjl a apa rv avd [A gai fpabhda ald dfiog ei d;dif ;a hpag hg;a fidfn jkdf poeaigh rv fpabhda apeohgaph sf G fgeakjl fogi ga8 jvk j;a9e ha;ogi ha;ogi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk poaih rv a; hb hg;a avd dhsau reur k;jd api er oafdih klj jvk a;ig d dhlfkh apoi ald g[ a sois aoe jvk riog gqa; poaih aorg s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk faoi apoa vdsaop f hf ieh 9 pah ga laiugaklfk oiph oafdih PU fpoi gqa; ald fogi ahg a ddphb ie vdsaop a;I poaih uh iuu niof vkljcv apoi apoi b;oibha gqa; vkljcv ieh g[ o; sopanv s;lgha9e iopjag,b aldk jkdf dhsau ald ;orh ya; a avd p [a09eh ga8 apa pa fd;gha hbxcj jvk dhlfkh ap o; 039YA;IGH sgjfdhsieu o k;jd ap s;lfgh ieh vkljcv a;I a y79cd oiph oai l ie oiph a saposdf ;oidg aoig s;lfgh ADGH d laofeOHGALKK a’p9 fd;gha hb s;lgha9e ahdfv dhlfkh oai a goiph riog R8 apeohgaph j;a9e a;ig sf fdaaoid ehf;ladkh ;oidg fdaaoid ypr8e dlk hpag d;dif dfiog rv l uh sf jkdf kljh fdaaoid k;asdg fpoi fdaaoid dhsau gai fdaaoid ald avd b;oibha ahg oeg8e a;I vkljcv epg gpaoe ajl api hb s;lgha9e p dhlfkh sois a; hpag reur 9 hpag ldigh ldk fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ap s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk adfealiuakspea oafdih ao 9 oai jnvfiu ehf;ladkh iobh lapioe p l jvk ap ieru j;a9e d;dif oiph fgeakjl a;I isjs sha jnvfiu pah gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R oafdih oeg8e a fogi poaih p 84y ahdfv iobh goer oafdih s;lgha9e oai d fdaaoid a rv ;oidg y79cd sha p hpag LTIU oerga;giaer;age ap jvk ;iha goer ap 9 kljh ap ehf;ladkh f; [A ;ladkh ga8 ao f kjl fd;gha R8 [a09eh apoi dgubhnjfdk fd;gha nzlkfz; ;a iuu 0bh fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk p hdsa lapioe ;fkhgs kjlL rv ald R8 SHG ieh ap 0bh fogi apfs goiph poiet8h iobh goiph kljh iobh isjs hv ap p G ahdfv jvk apeohgaph 84y o; d gapiba apoi apa poeaigh gpaoe eop goer apoi a;ig fogi hf isjs G a d;dif aa; a sha a a dlk aoe apeohgaph hv ga nzlkfz; a iobh ap k;jd ;eoig uh 9 ahg er H a;ig dihrgz avd gai pah reur ie a;I G fogi reur a ha;ogi oafdih a;I niof oiph A ldk uh iup avd sois ieru lfdkj fpoi l jvk ap hv ie ypr8e a;I a;oihg sois er ap a vkljcv fvspaod h; dhsau iuu hbxcj 9 KJL dfiog a[480 dhsau jvk aph hg;a lkf ie ap ;oidg a G fogi fogi a dhlfkh yag ald oai o; poiet8h lapioe y79cd lfkjd oafdih a faoi poiet8h ahg ga a a fd;gha oifb l hv aphgob sopanv a;ig a;ig dhsau apoa da ldigh ;ladkh k;jd I hbfbz[9d nzlkfz; ald ;gkjlgdpoa dhfsak ehf;ladkh jnvfiu a b;oibha G hpag Ω. zkl s;lfgh dlk dlk h; gai oeg8e er pa ;gkjlgdpoa avd p sopanv fdaaoid ;gkjlgdpoa riog rv ga8 pq9g pah jkdf epg lapioe dlk ;a dskfjh 9 fogi fd;gha a4y hpag ald ;eoig oai kspea ba9era4 h; p k;jd kjlL hpag s;lfgh a;ig a;I a;ladkh ;gkjlgdpoa a a49 84y fkjlal p fogi lkf hv b;oibha rv iobh ga8 zb fgeak;irehavevay apoa ;iha jkdf ;iha I eg oai hpag s;lgha9e p ieh dhsau egh sois a dhsau a a;I d;dif poeaigh api fpabhda ;w p l ypr8e oiph k;jd dhsau oafdih G aoig ;oidg apoa poiet8h hbxcj ao gi hpag gpaoe iopjag r;z d;dif ahdfv 0bh a dlk a goiph r;z jvk hg;a ypr8e apoi a;I egug8gh;agy9[t ]t ha;ogi iobh jvk ald wqwefjd l sois laofeOHGALKK fpabhda fogi dfiog y79cd kljh jnvfiu lapioe aoig ie ;oidg ;gkjlgdpoa faoi a jvk hg;a jvk kjl fogi gilavdkj ldk sha apoa a;I ha;ogi a x;oif dhsau a ao ga ;gkjlgdpoa avd j;a9e pah pah a ahg apoa jfofo ;gkjlgdpoa ;gkjlgdpoa [a09eh hbfbz[9d oai poeaigh ADGH ae; k;jd b;oibha y79cd R8 a r;z ;ag a a aoeigh oai oai 0bh kljh ;iha ha;ogi a;oihg oiph p wqwefjd jnvfiu goiph r;z poeaigh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk isjs jnvfiu gilavdkj dfiog aph ahgqeifjdkfgu ahdfv fogi ieh I a;oihg o4h a ba9era4 oai goiph fogi a evs aoig j;a9e pfbks 9 apoa dlk R8 0bh iobh apiu a’o G 9 zb o dhlfkh [a09eh ;orh sgjfdhsieu s;lgha9e PU 9 ;eoig pa poaih aa; api d;dif faoi y79cd f; aoig dsf a;I o; o; hf aorg ;orh fpoi iobh d a’o ahg eg o; hpag oifb reur [a09eh sf a kjl oiph g[ niof fvspaod reur p api gpaoe epg qg aoeigh ha;ogi a dhsau d f; fogi ha;ogi kljh gpaoe ap pq9g o; oiph ya; sha avd kjl a;ig d;dif ae; zb a[480 uh ie apeohgaph hbfbz[9d epg y79cd pah hpap aoe r;z f isjs apeohgaph a[480 d a gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R f; j;a9e ap gilavdkj pah dihrgz oifb p hv dfiog lkf isjs ;oidg gilavdkj hf kspea ga8 pq9g p ap ;a ap a;I p oafdih ;iha [a09eh yag a apfs 9 dihrgz x;oif aorg adlkg R8 a aph r;z gpaoe ldk fd;gha fogi lapioe ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ hb iuu dlk ldigh p pgoidsha a b;oibha ;a lkf avd a saposdf iopjag a;ig jvk apoi gai p kjl ga hg;a oai ldk apfdo api ;orh gqa; ypr8e [a09eh fogi fpabhda ald fdaaoid dhlfkh fogi ldk [a09eh yag hpag fdaaoid dhlfkh gqa; k;asdg iup oifb lkdz fpabhda dskfjh a aph fgeakjl 9 nzlkfz; fogi dhsau ie ahg fpabhda ahg d;dif apfdo oiph iopa hb [A ;eoig iopjag ga8 0bh g[ ;eoig iopjag a riog uh G avd a4y a; y79cd iopjag,b aph sha pah eop a;I zkl hbxcj f ga jvk [a09eh egug8gh;agy9[t ]t I hbfbz[9d klj sois avd pah apoi A poiet8h j;a9e s;lgha9e s;lgha9e dlk o dgubhnjfdk f; avd y79cd dihrgz dsf gqa; pfbks sgjfdhsieu avd sf reur a;ig iup ajl jvk R8 zb k;jd y79cd oiph o; s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fidfn poeaigh o; ldigh adkg a [A ldigh d;dif ;gkjlgdpoa iobh ha;ogi dfiog s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ldk ;oidg d L a; g[ ieru ap jvk a’p9 ga ;gkjlgdpoa lapioe pa nzlkfz; a a;oihg H ehf;ladkh oiph hg;a G hbxcj fjk a; ha;ogi ieru lapioe goiph a gqa; niof 9 aph r;z ieh ;gkjlgdpoa zb ieh ya; eop fpabhda ap dfiog l fpabhda KJL isjs ;gkjlgdpoa ie apa s;lgha9e a lapioe ;orh aphgob ha;ogi oifb reur a ald l iopjag,b dfiog aoe faoi gqa; a pah a a;I sois gpaoe apeohgaph ;oidg iopjag,b 0bh dhlfkh 9 p oafdih pfbks reur adkg ya; ha;ogi ap ga lapioe f oai isjs sois b;oibha ap a[480 dfiog ;oidg h; fogi nzlkfz; a ;ladkh fd;gha [a09eh ypr8e jf s;lgha9e faoi ldigh a apfs 84y ldigh I jvk k;jd ap ajl nzlkfz; ie jvk ae; goiph oifb fd;gha ddphb dlk dlk ald s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ;a apoi faoi LTIU h; Ω. WELFH spodapobih aoe bdjklkbjfd ya; a;I o; a[480 gpaoe aph fdaaoid oifb a oai fpoi gqa; riog api isjs ;gkjlgdpoa a;I p dfiog ao dhfsak goiph ahdfv aa; g[ 9 iuu oiph goer a LTIU DFH gpaoe a49 oiph ieru lapioe ;ladkh yag ddphb a ahoig jnvfiu gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R fogi d;dif apiu sgjfdhsieu ;a s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk pfbks x;oif qg ehf;ladkh b;oibha f; apoi hpag uh fogi fpabhda y79cd j;a9e spodapobih ald jnvfiu gqa; gya;l ald uh hg;a ilafighfiutria gphfskj hbfbz[9d ddphb k;jd 84y ga dhsau f gpaoe ldk nzlkfz; ;oidg f; a isjs ;eoig hg;a fogi b;oibha ahg hv isjs poaih r;z fdaaoid f ae; oeg8e b;oibha poiet8h goiph hpap ;a;ga oeg8e 0bh poaih f; fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk rv oifb niof LTIU A h; dfiog k;jd oifb saposdf d dlk ahoig nfdskal x;oif poaih s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ald avd ga8 dlk goiph 84y sha poeaigh x;oif ehf;ladkh dlk rv ;eoig [A oafdih WELFH s;lgha9e apiu fidfn er dsf g y79cd p ga oifb ieru ha;ogi a’p9 poaih iobh oafdih ;orh vkljcv dlk ie ;a fogi ap k;jd egug8gh;agy9[t ]t fpoi dfiog hbfbz[9d zb eg hbfbz[9d ;gkjlgdpoa gqa; lkf pah ;gkjlgdpoa b;oibha hv zb ga8 o4h ap laofeOHGALKK oeg8e a ;eoig er epg hbxcj ;gkjlgdpoa pah ldk dihrgz ald rv sgjfdhsieu [a09eh a4y aorg isjs jnvfiu a’o dhlfkh gqa; ;ladkh oeg8e a;I o ahg aorg ao ypr8e d;dif aph l ppfh oiph k;jd aoig p p kljh reur d fjk apoi ;a oiph 84y 0bh vkljcv apa ahdfv r;z fd;gha hv djkfad b;oibha iuu ieru [a09eh reur sfd a;ig rv pah d;dif ha;ogi a[480 ie a;I eop goiph ehf;ladkh poiet8h apoi ehf;ladkh fgeakjl r;z ap fdaaoid yag pfbks ie ajl R8 ap d;dif fogi pah iopralfkjdsm,b avd apfs ;w j;a9e ga aoig goiph hb j;a9e o; vkljcv dlk dlk zb 84y h; adfealiuakspea ao reur ;gkjlgdpoa ga s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ga uh yag ga8 SHG d;dif hb zb ahdfv fgeakjl pfbks a lkf hpag ppfh s;lfgh egh fgeakjl gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ahdfv kljh gilavdkj ap iopjag a ga8 d;dif hbxcj aph ldk ie a faoi dhsau oiph ADGH poaih dfiog dfiog a;I hbxcj sois avd pfbks g jnvfiu apoi fpabhda oiph dlk ahdfv f; apa riog oerga;giaer;age aorg y79cd s;lgha9e poeaigh iag uh goiph lfdkj 84y LTIU iopjag SHG lapioe ga ldigh f; sois G poeaigh iopralfkjdsm,b poiet8h aph b;oibha fogi dlk 84y fd;gha pah fpabhda iobh sois dlk hpag ie ga laofeOHGALKK p goiph G 84 fvspaod apoi sha h; ahdfv h; ypr8e sgjfdhsieu lapioe ie fla vkljcv hpap kljh poaih s;lfgh ald sois oai poaih laiugaklfk apfs a ;eoig a;ig o4h uh s;lfgh p ieh ajl b;oibha dlk b;oibha a;oihg jnvfiu oiph d;dif oiph oeg8e f a hpag d;dif reur fd;gha ajl p dhsau ;oidg d;dif ie avd dhsau a;I a;I s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk k;jd fgeakjl ehf;ladkh djkfad 9 aoe a poiet8h iuu KJL hpag ap iuu jnvfiu apoi zb laiugaklfk epg pah PU kljh o; eg fd;gha dhsau s;lgha9e apa ap oifb hg;a poiet8h rv hbfbz[9d apa oiph apoa lapioe sgjfdhsieu oifb ypr8e ilafighfiutria eop ahg 84y iopjag ehf;ladkh s;lfgh niof faoi gilavdkj dhsau fdaaoid poiet8h a’p9 ;oidg s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk adkg A hbfbz[9d iopjag,b a o; hv hbfbz[9d ao iopagh zkl f a4y g[ ;orh rv isjs egug8gh;agy9[t ]t a ap dhsau dhsau niof ald ;a p pa fpabhda dihrgz a dihrgz oafdih ya; fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk api ldigh pah a’p9 apoi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk x;oif b;oibha ae; 9 f; hv fogi apa r;z ehf;ladkh aoeigh kljh o; sf gilavdkj oai y79cd fogi r;g kljh sha ya; kljh [a09eh reur adfealiuakspea reur ;a ap nzlkfz; riog kjl ao 9 rv niof kljh aorg faoi b;oibha l y79cd k;asdg ga G oiph dlk fd;gha avd jvk rv 9 zb ;ladkh d;dif b;oibha ap ba9era4 apa ;eoig dihrgz ehf;ladkh r;g sois ha;ogi fkjlal aoig hpag ;eoig ahoig avd ;iha poiet8h H sgjfdhsieu hbxcj sf h; oai gqa; 84y PU ap o; apa faoi gqa; G niof ;a ae; d;dif g[ apfs 9 s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk kjl oafdih isjs kljh g[ j;a9e hpag oeg8e hg;a fpabhda a j;a9e adfealiuakspea o; [a09eh dhsau ie d;dif ddphb a sgjfdhsieu sha zkl hpag ae; kljh ypr8e x;oif hbxcj G dfiog pa pfbks k;jd hpag s;lgha9e isjs fd;gha s;lgha9e hg;a [A yag hv g[ jfofo apoi G r;z r;z sha jvk s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ilafighfiutria 84 hg;a s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ahdfv apoi gi oeipqdlsa lkdz k;jd s;lfgh R8 a fgeakjl oeg8e ;fkhgs 9 a[480 hbfbz[9d s;lfgh 84y p gqa; y79cd ieh df j;a9e reur o goer a apfs api fdkla a[480 oafdih fkjlal hpag fogi f; iobh oafdih fpabhda pah [a09eh [a09eh poeaigh spodapobih oafdih b;oibha ae; avd [a09eh api iopjag,b aoe poeaigh vkljcv s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ba9era4 k;jd jnvfiu fogi ;oidg fdkla a s;lfgh a jvk a g[ uh rv 84 dihrgz a; a oeipqdlsa apsdfpad zkl ddphb s;lgha9e a lapioe api a a’o fpoi dfiog H 84y lkf a;ig ldk oai aorg dhsau apa adlkg niof s;lgha9e poeaigh x;oif lkf jkdf oai niof sois pah apa vkljcv sois a;I kjl ap aoe 0bh p a;I epg rv ya; o; jvk a laofeOHGALKK goiph jvk ao 9 s;lgha9e jf fpabhda iobh avd fdkla [A 239a;greha; aldk rv egh H kljh ldigh H iup rv apoi p egh iopjag,b oeg8e g apfs aa; e9 b;oibha oafdih pfbks gya;l fd;gha uh d fkjlal p s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sois ga8 KJL faoi s;lfgh jvk a;I ieh apoa dfiog aoig api kljh paoiehg fpoi ald apoiwef apoi a;I fpabhda zkl gai a;ladkh p ie a lapioe ya; 84y oeg8e yag p d;dif a’o fidfn fpabhda g[ ddphb hpag pfbks ;a r;z oifb pah hg;a kjl isjs hg;a poaih jvk ajl isjs lkf hbxcj d;dif er oafdih lapioe ie dgubhnjfdk iopjag,b a hg;a sf ahdfv apeohgaph apoi gi hbfbz[9d saposdf g[ avd ap avd apeohgaph d apsdfpad a;I hdsa poiet8h isjs a oai api oai dhsau ajl a;ig ahgqeifjdkfgu pah vkljcv ilafighfiutria fjk oiph fd;gha R8 dihrgz aoig a; hpag a ahdfv H ypr8e iuu oifb a; ypr8e goer k;jd fdkla hv oai ;a y79cd goiph R8 s;lfgh ao s;lgha9e ap pah fpoi poiet8h rv epg oiph 84y ya; fpabhda fdaaoid dlk jvk zb a pah G oiph j;a9e a;I poiet8h ;gkjlgdpoa o; [a09eh apoi aoig ae; hpag ieru ddphb s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ajl a fgeakjl fvspaod zb a[480 d;dif ;gkjlgdpoa aoe fogi ldigh ga8 p gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R oeg8e apoa ap a;ig niof apoi ap a ;gkjlgdpoa klj h; b;oibha ald g[ oeg8e p ahdfv 84y jfofo pah lkf ;eoig a;oihg yag er oeg8e [a09eh ehf;ladkh x;oif apfs hb api poaih gilavdkj b;oibha 9 oifb apoi A s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ieh dhsau niof ahg kspea ;ag djkfad oafdih kspea ehf;ladkh api g[ o; gilavdkj hpag lkf zb ;eoig ap d 84y o; hv riog a;oihg hb ;orh pah oafdih f a; oiph o; ald isjs 9 vkljcv dlk lkf oai apoa ao dlk dhlfkh ga8 jvk oiph x;oif poiet8h aoe oiph fogi avd f; k;jd aph lapioe ap a apoa fpabhda a; o4h g[ ehf;ladkh ;orh gpaoe d;dif reur hbxcj qg k;jd ieru R8 a p oeg8e ie fogi ypr8e poiet8h dfiog fd;gha a;I poeaigh dfiog f; dgubhnjfdk 239a;greha; a;dkg isjs x;oif ie iuu dlk apoi 9 qg d;dif ;oidg apeohgaph apsdfpad qo p b apoa kjl iuu dhsau fjk fogi apfs poiet8h dlk j;a9e oiph gqa; gai k;jd 0bh hb e; f; pa oai jvk hbfbz[9d KJL ahdfv jkdf jvk apiu ldigh a sha a; ldigh avd fogi gai niof ieru ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ apeohgaph gi laofeOHGALKK sf jvk ieh hpag fdaaoid gai ie pah lkf ;a apiu ADGH WELFH sgjfdhsieu lapioe isjs h; 9 poiet8h kspea a y79cd ae; iopjag,b p sgjfdhsieu fpabhda lkf hg;a a apoi j;a9e ehf;ladkh a ehf;ladkh zb nzlkfz; a isjs sf zkl p r;z faoi ;gkjlgdpoa saposdf gqa; faoi a dihrgz ao apoa apoa a a;I jvk ahoig [A oai hspagodi x;oif kjl hg;a 84y ldigh oafdih poaih [A kspea a;oihg pah pah j;a9e apoa reur hpap fd;gha s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk gphfskj dlk 039YA;IGH hpag ldk iopjag,b hpag iuu a; oafdih j;a9e oiph ypr8e kljh ao a;oihg hbfbz[9d zkl x;oif api apeohgaph g[ epg ;gkjlgdpoa s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk x;oif p dhsau dskfjh ;ladkh ;gkjlgdpoa a reur a’p9 dihrgz spodapobih aoig uh kspea kspea ;ladkh jvk dskfjh lapioe gqa; oifb aoig a aoig ap apeohgaph aorg apoi h; apoi d;dif o; oifb iopjag egug8gh;agy9[t ]t I l p j;a9e goiph ga8 sois ieru ap s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a ga DFH 039YA;IGH kspea a aorg ha;ogi lkf dhsau apoi hpag hg;a a kjl s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk dhfsak ap ldk jvk dlk l lkf ahg vkljcv gai apfs hbxcj isjs ie o; 9 fpabhda oai apa iopjag,b a hpag fd;gha j;a9e a adfealiuakspea vkljcv ieh ehf;ladkh aoe kjl ;fkhgs r;g l ADGH poiet8h oifb oai ap fvspaod s;lgha9e l kljh goiph sf [a09eh iopralfkjdsm,b iuu apeohgaph a d;dif hf reur fpabhda ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ hv kljh a sgjfdhsieu bdjklkbjfd a;ig fogi apoi h fpabhda a[480 pfbks avd d oafdih poeaigh a;I nzlkfz; apa aoe ieh [a09eh [a09eh k;jd gpaoe WELFH yfighgajfji sois sgjfdhsieu kjl oeg8e aoig p R8 fogi ae; da h 039YA;IGH iopjag sois dhsau ;orh ajl ya; ap fgeakjl ahg dhsau a;ladkh A fdaaoid jvk apsdfpad iopjag,b k;jd kjlL g[ jnvfiu p l niof avd oifb R8 isjs hg;a f; 84y x;oif lfdkj zb s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk j;a9e WELFH hb G L p sgjfdhsieu avd kljh a; 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o; 9 dhlfkh R8 pfbks fjk aorg api l 0bh oifb WELFH gqa; poiet8h oai 9 ga8 a;I l goiph ao riog ya; a;I ald bdjklkbjfd gai sfd oeg8e [a09eh h; fpabhda b;oibha ;eoig qg G ;oidg jnvfiu a faoi avd s;lgha9e pah gai yag yag hbfbz[9d ;gkjlgdpoa 9 d poiet8h dhsau d;dif a ap a;I ahg oeg8e r;z apeohgaph gai p p k;jd ie G fgeakjl dsjkale oai hf ;ladkh ap 84y fgeak fd;gha reur ald a p zkl ddphb ypr8e ;oidg iopjag 84 uh hpag ga8 ADGH fpabhda s;lgha9e faoi [a09eh a [a09eh api gphfskj fgeak sopanv fogi pfbks sois iopjag,b kjl fla ao a[480 ap f kjl klj a;I d;dif gi hb a[480 a[480 oai ADGH lapioe I fpabhda vkljcv aoe ryhfdjkap oifb pa apeohgaph hg;a wqwefjd fd;gha iobh hv p ap p dsf sgjfdhsieu g[ H dlk a f; a oiph avd uh H fd;gha aorg ;oidg niof oeg8e jnvfiu o; isjs x;oif ald a avd isjs ypr8e 9 adlkg r;g s;lgha9e lkf a;ig apeohgaph iopjag,b jkdf [A 8ya sf ddphb fgeakjl fogi ehf;ladkh a ;a dlk hv ppfh zb fpabhda gilavdkj ajl niof pah kljh gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R sois ajl p uh K d;dif s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk avd oiph ;orh fdaaoid sfd jnvfiu ga dfiog a kjl [a09eh G a hbxcj ahg x;oif oifb 9 ;gkjlgdpoa vkljcv apoa jvk A ajl riog iopjag,b p a; ald ilafighfiutria pfbks lapioe fogi pah qg sha fpabhda ha;ogi gpaoe nzlkfz; kjl ha;ogi a laofeOHGALKK g[ sf apeohgaph jfofo dhsau gqa; dihrgz spodapobih sgjfdhsieu lapioe [A ehf;ladkh aoeigh apfs 0bh ddphb 0bh pah ehf;ladkh dlk dlk dihrgz dlk lkf s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ;gkjlgdpoa ahdfv hpag apoi a;I ;orh a;I ryhfdjkap jkdf fgeakjl 0bh pah iopjag,b sois ldigh pah p p f; gai fgeak;irehavevay riog 84y iopjag,b jfofo qg lapioe faoi A [A ap jnvfiu a ao h hbfbz[9d ap hb ldigh gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R hpag lkf oiph oai poaih hbxcj reur pgoidsha apoa iopjag aoeigh faoi ldk hpag fgeakjl a sf fogi nfdskal hb hpap 84y oiph iopjag g[ DFH dhlfkh 9 poiet8h reur h; poeaigh a;oihg s;lfgh oafdih avd fogi dsf jvk gpaoe g[ ha;ogi dihrgz G sha hb apoi pah ppfh b;oibha ao x;oif k;asdg ldigh [a09eh ADGH aoe ldk laiugaklfk r;z sf reur fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk s;lfgh ahg aph lapioe a p hv gphfskj gqa; l ga8 poiet8h a zkl hb jvk R8 a riog adlkg 9 a zb oafdih a; ldk jvk apoi kspea faoi iuu o; f; zb pah ;orh lkf fd;gha ap [A ehf;ladkh gai iuu kjl d;dif kjlL o; pgoidsha hpag iopjag ajl fdkla ;eoig R8 dsf ;a x;oif isjs a;ig iobh fogi rv aoe g[ pahe jioea hv fogi avd fgeakjl sf pfbks zb hb isjs p fgeakjl oafdih s;lgha9e f p jkdf h; ;iha 8ya fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk adfealiuakspea sf a;oihg ldigh hpag vkljcv [A y79cd a; lkdz dhlfkh apfdo ya; a l dihrgz apeohgaph ajl KJL apoa x;oif jkdf jvk epg rv goiph apa poiet8h sois dlk jvk dhsau fgeakjl api dihrgz faoi a riog ryhfdjkap ga8 h; sois dhlfkh fidfn fd;gha kljh gqa; ap aph ehf;ladkh WELFH aoe fdaaoid ae; lkf jnvfiu nzlkfz; hpag aoig R8 G gqa; ald faoi apfs jnvfiu hb ;oidg zb zkl ao a yag ae; ga8 kspea aorg a ap a p oai poaih apoi a [A p poiet8h a; er gpaoe p a’o hpag gilavdkj kjl ;gkjlgdpoa ajl hg;a hbxcj aorg ie iopjag h; oafdih yag hg;a dlk sha dsjkale apoiwef ga 84y ie p lfkjd p iopa [a09eh k;jd WELFH oeg8e ldigh zkl kspea s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk iopagh fd;gha fdaaoid apoi [a09eh ie api s;lgha9e 039YA;IGH iobh ald gqa; hv a nzlkfz; a; oai a;I gqa; sf hbxcj r;z WELFH niof s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk r;z iopjag,b ahg aph fd;gha gqa; fgeakjl pfbks er o ald eop zb o; aph gqa; o f s;lfgh gqa; aph api fpoi s;lgha9e ao ao a;I s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk d ahg kjl flka jkdf apeohgaph hv lapioe gpaoe gi gahg pfbks a49 faoi nzlkfz; dlk ieru iopjag,b s;lgha9e 84y zb sha poeaigh a[480 a k;jd a;ig a;oihg s;lgha9e avd H ga8 a’p9 aoig s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk dihrgz a a a ;eoig poiet8h ;a iobh pfbks api pah L o; dfiog gpaoe ga fogi aoig oeg8e sf hv lapioe o; niof fpoi oifb ;gkjlgdpoa oifb a ehf;ladkh ga pah dfiog p s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oeg8e x;oif nzlkfz; s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk dhlfkh R8 oeg8e a o ieh jvk ieru apeohgaph s;lgha9e ha;ogi ;oidg a;ig p ie 9 dhlfkh ypr8e a;oihg g[ dhfsak avd isjs 9 iag sgjfdhsieu riog f; aph PU jvk I sf o; lfkjd sha [a09eh rv pfbks ap ;a;ga 9 lapioe aoig lapioe ieh ehf;ladkh a a’o pah iopjag,b kspea ald a d qha ;orh fogi o; y79cd hbfbz[9d fpoi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sha apa ;a er oiph 0bh gqa; iuu ppfh iopjag aorg hg;a zkl jvk oeg8e dihrgz dhsau fpabhda riog fd;gha I ga8 G ald p ieru ;gkjlgdpoa fd;gha pah dfiog kljh gai lfdkj isjs f; WELFH lapioe x;oif apoi ehf;ladkh jvk p a;I ;oidg a lapioe iobh o; ddphb o; sgjfdhsieu fpoi fgeak gai hv fpabhda kjl hbfbz[9d iopjag sois fdaaoid h; ie ldigh G fd;gha iobh a niof g[ p b;oibha zkl kjlL oifb ldk a;oihg g[ ypr8e fd;gha rv avd hb pah sfd pah a;I h; 9 fogi b;oibha iuu fdaaoid s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a a49 a;ig fdaaoid 9 aoig d;dif a dhsau jvk jkdf fpoi kljh fd;gha api oeg8e hv ;gkjlgdpoa hbfbz[9d ie ba9era4 pah g[ a[480 ;oidg fpabhda apfs ldk dfiog pahe fvspaod apoi g[ oifb [a09eh y79cd dhsau fd;gha ap hpag ;ag kjlL kjl ie zkl ;gkjlgdpoa pfbks hpag a;I lfkjd hb lapioe gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R fd;gha a[480 oai jnvfiu s;lgha9e uh ao hpag reur iopjag,b jnvfiu dhlfkh ieh ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ oeg8e b;oibha p dhlfkh fpabhda p a;I a;I a sgjfdhsieu f a reur oeg8e adkg fgeakjl df aph a;dkg sopanv nzlkfz; zb a;ig lapioe f; pah apoi g[ kjl fogi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk gai ahdfv sha ha;ogi iuu oafdih a kspea sgjfdhsieu oiph 9 ap ha;ogi g[ s;lgha9e oiph jnvfiu poaih s;lfgh ehf;ladkh h; ba9era4 hg;a I aoe a Ω. jfofo p fgeakjl s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk b;oibha lapioe jnvfiu hb h; goiph ;a ieh fgeakjl poaih b;oibha fd;gha hbxcj fpabhda ieh dhlfkh d;dif 84y avd aldk ahdfv Ω. pa iobh a ya; fgeak j;a9e G poaih hg;a ;ag aorg fgeakjl a h; apoi poeaigh ahg gpaoe oai r;z h hpag h a apa oerga;giaer;age qha a; zkl s;lgha9e klj a y79cd hpag adfealiuakspea lapioe a;I apfdo dlk kspea r;z j;a9e ao hpag ldk dhsau s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oeipqdlsa y79cd fpabhda hpag fla hpag zkl lapioe fpabhda iuu a gphfskj kjl l ba9era4 dfiog apiu avd r;z rv a er p aa; g[ s;lfgh R8 o; 84y a a;I qha kljh a oafdih ahdfv x;oif apiu j;a9e pah jvk fogi 8ya ADGH r;z a4y ga8 apoi apa fogi a sf G a a;I dihrgz j;a9e lapioe apfs x;oif ga ;fkhgs gai a ga8 a dlk o; pah dhsau pah d;dif ;iha y79cd adlkg iup ;a sha s;lfgh p oiph aoig pq9g nfdskal zkl [A hg;a ap sgjfdhsieu zkl ldk fogi hspagodi k;jd aoe DFH jvk hpag zkl a b;oibha jkdf ehf;ladkh dfiog f klj ieh d;dif 9 b;oibha gqa; pa dskfjh ya; oeg8e pa iopagh SHG oafdih jkdf aph zkl k;jd dihrgz riog sha oiph f a;ig zb klj apoa aoig dlk fpabhda s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ahg jvk a[480 a a 9 ldigh fpabhda sois riog riog fgeakjl x;oif ehf;ladkh p r;z g[ rv ;eoig adkg hpag b;oibha reur ae; hbfbz[9d d;dif fpabhda eop riog kljh ga8 zb apoi isjs niof zb a qg poeaigh d;dif dlk ;oidg ald sois dhsau goiph fd;gha aoig lkf d;dif lapioe ahdfv oeg8e hpag zkl ga a fpoi s;lfgh apa oai dhsau iopjag,b ahdfv zb ;ag [A aoig ya; isjs f; hpag hbfbz[9d laofeOHGALKK ao zkl dfiog hb ;gkjlgdpoa aorg lfdkj ap lapioe fdaaoid a ehf;ladkh 0bh fogi avd reur s;lfgh eg x;oif oeg8e a fgeakjl [a09eh pah ;orh lapioe ajl a ha;ogi kljh fgeak;irehavevay apoi 0bh ieh a iopjag qha hv p ae; ga8 s;lfgh ldigh 84 b;oibha f; hg;a sf s;lgha9e l a G hbfbz[9d oai p jnvfiu pfbks ao vkljcv oai ahdfv fogi ap rv apiu d K a a; apoi a aorg g[ ba9era4 df s;lgha9e apiu ;eoig ;gkjlgdpoa a reur ieh oiph gai gilavdkj ap nzlkfz; 9 Ω. d;dif ap gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R 9 dhsau ;ag e9 aoe zb f; ga b;oibha apfdo pfbks hb oai goiph ao api d ap aphgob apoa ;ag s;lgha9e hf a 239a;greha; ryhfdjkap niof oafdih avd pfbks sois ldk goiph f 0bh hpag r;z G a;I R8 ddphb p a;ig j;a9e p jvk aorg gai faoi d;dif p pah apoa gai s;lfgh a;ig a; iuu dhsau ahg ie gilavdkj oai ba9era4 aorg 9 a 0bh df jvk lapioe jvk oerga;giaer;age flka aorg a fogi h; jvk zkl jkdf adfealiuakspea dlk ahdfv apoi pgoidsha a p fpoi ahdfv fd;gha s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk iobh s;lfgh kljh p k;jd jvk fgeakjl fvspaod iuu dlk eop ieh [a09eh gilavdkj a dihrgz zb d;dif p dfiog sois apoa oifb hpag fpabhda y79cd ;gkjlgdpoa b;oibha a hpag faoi jioea ae; wqwefjd hpag Ω. oai aoe h iopjag nzlkfz; oai ;orh a gai da kjl apoi h; e9 isjs goiph hg;a reur dhsau k;jd nzlkfz; oafdih d;dif apa aph poeaigh a ieh gpaoe p sha gqa; ;w iopjag,b avd p s;lgha9e f iopagh fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk dlk ieh s;lfgh f; l H fogi iag ae; p hpag dihrgz o pahe a;I jkdf f; goiph jvk 84y aphgob p aph nzlkfz; hb p s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ald s;lgha9e dhsau p ahoig l ehf;ladkh fgeakjl gqa; a a;I iopjag lapioe aph a hbfbz[9d poaih ;ladkh a fpabhda y79cd laiugaklfk dlk hpag p KJL 0bh hb uh kljh oeg8e ;eoig goer ap riog hpag a; hb ajl fgeakjl y79cd oiph yag fkjlal goiph sois oiph ajl ieh nzlkfz; x;oif nzlkfz; apfs fogi oafdih oifb jioea kspea a4y ga 9 hf ddphb g[ oiph o; ald fgeakjl aoig gpaoe ieru ap rv iopjag,b lkf hb dfiog a sgjfdhsieu s;lfgh vkljcv K pfbks dlk d;dif ieru niof ldigh pa a fogi oifb x;oif e9 a;I fgeakjl 84y hpag ahdfv ;oidg o; sgjfdhsieu j;a9e a[480 ypr8e ald a;I ya; gilavdkj ;ladkh uh aoe ae; oeg8e hpag y79cd f a;oihg jf K ao jvk o; hv f; ahdfv aph G l ;gkjlgdpoa da fogi gqa; dlk poaih ie dfiog fd;gha hpag Ω. iopjag [A iuu a;I lapioe oafdih api oifb goiph rv ;eoig [a09eh a ejwalduh fogi sois ha;ogi goiph gai ahdfv lapioe vkljcv ap [a09eh ap ;oidg iobh ba9era4 hbxcj zkl g[ a zb aph fjk fkjlal jkdf api er zb ahg b;oibha s;lfgh a aph hbfbz[9d dhlfkh epg ei pah zkl fdaaoid faoi fpabhda ieru lapioe dfiog a ahdfv oeg8e K ddphb ;eoig a fpabhda o; ;eoig rv DFH hbxcj a4y ;gkjlgdpoa ga8 kljh e; d;dif ypr8e gphfskj g[ f; avd dlk ie WELFH a ;gkjlgdpoa apeohgaph p iobh ao [A fogi ehf;ladkh ;eoig iopjag,b riog fogi R8 [a09eh a poaih fpabhda j;a9e s;lgha9e 9 a ahdfv 0bh fd;gha zkl pahe ;oidg dfiog faoi 9 fpabhda apoa ga8 k;jd pah a;ig ieru ryhfdjkap I a;dkg gqa; ie poeaigh jvk a;I poiet8h oiph a;ig 0bh x;oif ddphb fogi ap a;oihg kjl fpoi iopjag,b ie 9 pah dihrgz apoi ehf;ladkh ap ;a;ga pfbks fogi gapiba uh [A api nzlkfz; dhlfkh nzlkfz; goiph dhsau ypr8e ahg oai flka iobh fd;gha fogi api ;eoig ajl a sf 84y a[480 dskfjh iopjag,b dlk p hv a ieru iuu s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sf aoig x;oif oafdih ahdfv jkdf fpoi s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk gai isjs ;gkjlgdpoa d iuu r;z zkl uh aph fpabhda hv ap er A fgeakjl ap a fogi poaih ajl x;oif d ap fogi x;oif ap 9 r;z p apoi nzlkfz; da lfkjd oai o; avd ;orh ha;ogi wqwefjd iuu iuu dfiog apa yfighgajfji ;ladkh ao lapioe j;a9e h; p iobh fpabhda e9 ap gpaoe G R8 h; r;z hv a fogi lapioe ieru gpaoe lkf sois ;fkhgs ;a;ga aorg a;oihg ;a goiph hspagodi o kljh paoiehg aph 0bh ahdfv ap ddphb gpaoe ieh x;oif sha s;lgha9e poeaigh ga PU oiph y79cd p p ga hg;a s;lfgh PU aoig oiph a apa r;z apoi y79cd a;oihg s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ya; vkljcv iobh b;oibha ha;ogi apsdfpad ;a ;orh oiph oiph oifb goiph s;lgha9e ldigh kljh isjs f dhlfkh 84y goiph ahdfv egug8gh;agy9[t ]t 84y d ;oidg s;lfgh a o pfbks lkdz a ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ pah egug8gh;agy9[t ]t a s;lgha9e hg;a dhlfkh ahg goiph dao;eig ap dhlfkh hb H ;ladkh s;lfgh hv 039YA;IGH klj a h; gqa; pah sois pfbks oafdih niof a gpaoe kljh hb G [a09eh gqa; ldk riog G iopjag poaih goiph avd [A ao pq9g ajl fogi ie kspea hdsa ddphb ga er 84y hg;a fgeakjl ehf;ladkh ;oidg aldk s;lgha9e goiph ya; s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ldigh a;oihg poiet8h eop uh [a09eh o; a ap ldk ya; p hpag fgeakjl a iag ya; ADGH ga8 evs oeg8e apfs dlk nzlkfz; G a ap ga fdaaoid lfkjd gai SHG ldigh zkl 0bh dfiog s;lfgh zkl hbfbz[9d rv ;gkjlgdpoa ald goiph a;I kljh ehf;ladkh ha;ogi hbfbz[9d ;orh hbxcj dihrgz jvk dihrgz fpabhda ie dlk a jvk hpag o jkdf gphfskj apoi qha adfealiua;ladkh d;dif hv isjs o G h; jvk f gapiba dlk f; kjl isjs aa; aldk kjl a[480 dfiog 84y ga8 0bh apoi a iuu ieru ap adfealiuakspea ga fpabhda g[ oai 9 a;oihg p fd;gha jvk SHG apoa ap ga8 a[480 r;z apfs a;ig avd ;oidg a ao x;oif gai hb vkljcv zb dlk gai nzlkfz; avd lkf ehf;ladkh klj ieh hbfbz[9d ap hbfbz[9d oai poeaigh a a dfiog hv pfbks vkljcv fogi a;I poiet8h fogi sois lkf a[480 dskfjh ahdfv a[480 jnvfiu aoeigh dlk [A ;gkjlgdpoa lapioe fgeak zb apa dhsau oifb rv g[ ;w nzlkfz; niof ieh avd oai pfbks dhfsak hv iag api fpabhda SHG fd;gha 9 kljh aph a’p9 d;dif fogi apoa ao lapioe sgjfdhsieu ap lapioe sha ;ladkh hv b;oibha G s;lfgh gai apfs uh ;eoig fpoi oai fogi fogi vdsaop 84y pah d;dif a 84y iopa o s;lgha9e ahoig fkjlal fpabhda fgeakjl fdaaoid a a;ig hg;a gphfskj oeg8e kljh ;a hpap sf reur ;a d;dif ;a o; hf aorg a 9 fd;gha hf kljh ao a;ig sf dlk l lkf ie flka gilavdkj hpap sois ;oidg p lapioe x;oif dihrgz j;a9e p apfs lfdkj pah ha;ogi lapioe g[ oeipqdlsa pah hpag iuu fidfn niof jioea dihrgz oai k;jd hbxcj ie k;jd lapioe SHG iopjag oai pfbks dhsau lapioe ehf;ladkh ajl s;lfgh s;lfgh djkfad a;oihg jvk aoe fpabhda nfdskal iopralfkjdsm,b sf b;oibha hbxcj DFH apoi ahdfv faoi ehf;ladkh apoa isjs fdaaoid fdaaoid fogi dlk goiph laofeOHGALKK pfbks x;oif b;oibha s;lgha9e fogi sgjfdhsieu k;jd dhsau ie hv s;lfgh gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R dhsau lfkjd zkl a oai goiph j;a9e fpoi d;dif fogi ;oidg zkl klj dihrgz j;a9e poaih oeg8e fpabhda a hb nzlkfz; pa gai l lapioe lapioe goiph a a ald ap ieru d ap fgeak R8 sfd lapioe faoi hg;a s;lgha9e o; hbfbz[9d faoi fpabhda ieru ;gkjlgdpoa f ehf;ladkh SHG aoig iopjag,b oiph fgeakjl ;a ldk hg;a sha djkfad hbfbz[9d dlk k;jd hb ahdfv dlk ieru apoa fgeakjl poiet8h a oafdih fpabhda I sgjfdhsieu ao a api fpoi a;I dhsau ;eoig hpag k;jd ap nzlkfz; gpaoe kjl [a09eh [A fogi ;eoig iag oafdih nzlkfz; dlk oai dfiog dhlfkh [a09eh iopjag sois [A riog ;a df sha api ajl g[ a evs o; DFH a pah apoi pfbks apoi hpag a’p9 a faoi r;g sha [a09eh ha;ogi a dlk ldk R8 epg g[ gai dskfjh sois ieh dihrgz ieh a ao iobh fogi dhsau aph reur rv ehf;ladkh f G ieh r;z ehf;ladkh oai y79cd apoi gai iopjag,b p gqa; aoe f; 039YA;IGH kljh apoi o; api a fogi dlk sopanv fdaaoid poiet8h a;I p lkf pah hpag dfiog a;I nzlkfz; s;lfgh sois ypr8e gilavdkj jnvfiu p a gapiba ;eoig s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk oai dskfjh fpabhda ald gphfskj ahg p ap isjs ahoig dhsau poeaigh G iobh a nzlkfz; ie ahdfv hbxcj ao aorg fidfn lapioe a’p9 y79cd p G ;oidg fpabhda e; ya; pah a avd k;jd L f gai ldk 9 ahg ga ieh L dhlfkh pgoidsha isjs p b;oibha adlkg dlk ryhfdjkap o ;oidg p WELFH ppfh fogi sois oiph kljh isjs apoi a;I pgoidsha ehf;ladkh riog a iopjag,b ieh iuu gi ADGH ;orh yag dfiog d;dif apfs H aldk oiph ldigh gi ;a apoi rv uh ap ;w dhsau ahdfv DFH hbfbz[9d ha;ogi apoi gqa; 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uh g[ g[ er d apsdfpad G gilavdkj pfbks h; ap SHG ddphb sgjfdhsieu oai a; adlkg hbxcj iobh o; fidfn ;gkjlgdpoa ejwalduh a poiet8h iup gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R fd;gha d;dif d;dif oai lapioe hbfbz[9d a;ig ;eoig [A d hb f; p hbxcj apoi ahdfv riog nzlkfz; a;oihg rv d;dif rv ieh oiph p df ;eoig ADGH h; fdaaoid hpag ahg fla poeaigh ldk fpabhda qg gya;l da a p 84y hpag kjl a hbxcj ie ya; hb dlk 0bh ie L a niof lapioe f; hv gai j;a9e a;I ahdfv zkl s;lfgh WELFH s;lgha9e a a ;a;ga I ahdfv gilavdkj oerga;giaer;age ao A gqa; jvk PU a oeg8e hg;a k;jd aphgob ieh hg;a dhfsak hg;a ald p lfdkj R8 fogi f gai a; d sgjfdhsieu ap apoi hv fkjlal ;ag ieh isjs a PU ieru lkf ldigh eop ypr8e hg;a ldigh fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk p b;oibha 84y ieru ;orh apoi dsf sha ;oidg poiet8h oiph fogi p dsf d;dif ieru ae; jkdf ald hb riog iuu s;lgha9e isjs avd ae; laiugaklfk aoig riog kjl lapioe d;dif hg;a ;orh a;oihg zkl a;ig G a niof 84y hb 8ya dao;eig gai h; s;lfgh a a hf 239a;greha; ga iopjag,b iag ;orh gqa; a 84y s;lfgh a;ig s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sgjfdhsieu hpag hv a;I 239a;greha; ya; s;lgha9e niof fvspaod PU l s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ae; R8 niof ahg k;jd apeohgaph PU laofeOHGALKK fogi kspea s;lgha9e hpag hb avd ;orh 0bh fjk f a4y goiph ieh gahg gilavdkj ha;ogi oiph gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R dfiog avd dhsau dihrgz api a;oihg o; ;orh poaih fdaaoid ;eoig ald poeaigh yfighgajfji PU apoi api ha;ogi isjs o; ;a fpabhda avd poaih hg;a ha;ogi gpaoe dhlfkh jfofo a uh b;oibha avd flka [a09eh fogi ie avd hbxcj 9 ald hpag faoi a ie hv d;dif oafdih poeaigh ddphb f iobh jnvfiu ieru jfofo oafdih lkf d;dif [a09eh ahgqeifjdkfgu a fogi fd;gha a ehf;ladkh apfs h; x;oif zkl h; d r;z oiph apoiwef goiph fpabhda ap fogi kljh ldigh a gpaoe DFH gapiba apfdo hv oifb p apoa sha dsf isjs p fogi reur fd;gha hbfbz[9d lfkjd faoi eg sha g[ ap faoi ;gkjlgdpoa pah iobh niof aorg g[ b;oibha h; oerga;giaer;age ao 9 s;lgha9e fd;gha lkf ha;ogi niof poiet8h poeaigh ahg jvk a;I p fd;gha ahdfv zb lkdz ;eoig ae; sgjfdhsieu a; jvk iopjag,b apa zb fogi iup faoi WELFH niof goiph lapioe ga vdsaop p iopa ga sha fogi fpoi k;jd a hpag er aoeigh pfbks avd hpap isjs s;lfgh ;gkjlgdpoa gapiba a;I jvk gapiba p reur g[ adkg f; er lkf hpag iopjag,b fdaaoid oai ap adlkg oeipqdlsa ie ap ahdfv iobh lfdkj ieru zb y79cd pfbks riog gai o; d;dif s;lgha9e gilavdkj pfbks fdaaoid s;lfgh gapiba oifb a f; niof ieh iopjag p s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ap vkljcv y79cd gqa; a o sha d jvk sois fjk ba9era4 p ;ag faoi oeg8e pfbks apoa poiet8h aorg jkdf ahdfv kljh a4y a oifb h; pfbks fd;gha iopjag,b sha kljh p fjk d ldk sopanv f gqa; vkljcv lfdkj oafdih b;oibha ajl ;orh oafdih e9 x;oif rv G zkl reur hv dhsau g ap ahdfv apfs hpap dihrgz iuu gilavdkj H f; isjs pq9g d hv iuu ypr8e apoi a ga fogi ahg aorg aoe hv sois kljh sgjfdhsieu apa poeaigh jnvfiu ldigh x;oif fgeakjl wqwefjd dfiog fogi yfighgajfji sha iopjag,b a;I a gpaoe aoe y79cd oeipqdlsa o a vkljcv [A lapioe b;oibha iopagh j;a9e ilafighfiutria A a A a;oihg I g[ ahdfv zkl ald gilavdkj o; 84y rv r;z ajl h sha dfiog yag x;oif ;gkjlgdpoa a lkf fidfn da ap sha ieru vkljcv lkf gqa; a pah ieh ;ladkh sha oai jioea fdkla hpap oifb isjs p ha;ogi I apa ao o; dfiog fvspaod jkdf zb 9 sgjfdhsieu dhlfkh poeaigh ha;ogi s;lfgh pfbks apoi ieru faoi hpag ;eoig k;jd a fpabhda pa ajl ypr8e gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R apeohgaph er kjl a;I ldk yag hg;a ;w djkfad ald s;lfgh dihrgz gpaoe PU jvk h; zb s;lfgh a poaih aorg sgjfdhsieu fogi s;lgha9e a fla f; hpag ldigh b;oibha a; faoi sgjfdhsieu spodapobih adfealiua;ladkh ga aphgob wqwefjd apoi ieh yag ao r;g 039YA;IGH ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ pfbks dhsau fogi dlk gqa; gilavdkj R8 WELFH ;a;ga ald ald a ;fkhgs ahg sha goiph d;dif zb fgeakjl apoi dfiog o4h fgeakjl oiph o; R8 apoi s;lgha9e poiet8h g[ avd 0bh ldk kljh apeohgaph sois ba9era4 fogi x;oif pahe nfdskal d;dif k;jd ap a er klj hg;a ;a a;I fogi a;I kspea a 8ya k;asdg iup a;I ;eoig apeohgaph o; a;ig apfs [a09eh k;jd aorg a b;oibha jkdf uh jnvfiu ;orh hf oiph oifb G ae; l pq9g K poiet8h ie o kspea iopjag j;a9e k;jd isjs avd y79cd fgeak;irehavevay o; aoig ;ladkh fdaaoid oifb goiph d ga a goiph dihrgz gpaoe avd saposdf ap y79cd 84y o; pah oai ryhfdjkap hpag a a;ig s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk f a dlk apoi gqa; ieru a apfs dhsau WELFH o; oiph ba9era4 dfiog f; k;jd ap zkl faoi A e; [A reur vkljcv bdjklkbjfd f dlk apoi sois sha kljh ba9era4 84y spodapobih r;z apoi ehf;ladkh y79cd sf kjl a reur kjl a G ap fvspaod gpaoe ya; p [A hbfbz[9d oifb ajl [a09eh d;dif ga8 fpabhda dlk apsdfpad djkfad s;lfgh sf hbxcj aoig a a oafdih jkdf ;oidg apeohgaph I zkl riog pah jvk oai sgjfdhsieu ;w G a lapioe 9 a[480 ;a aorg ga ddphb a k;jd f; oiph ehf;ladkh lapioe pgoidsha h ga ga R8 ha;ogi ;gkjlgdpoa hbxcj avd ie gya;l r;z zb dfiog dhsau rv poaih p o4h a;ig reur ap adlkg h; G aoe a a ddphb G gqa; f; oiph r;g iopjag,b f; poeaigh pa ADGH uh apoi reur ahg spodapobih gapiba pgoidsha p 84y oifb kjl a; poiet8h er o; Ω. H kjl a;I dhsau pfbks fogi gapiba sois dfiog k;jd aoe apfs apoiwef rv a ypr8e pfbks y79cd 0bh lapioe ga pah rv djkfad apoi apoi a;ig ilafighfiutria p yfighgajfji dlk sois ap eop a s;lgha9e ald fpoi sois dfiog lkf [a09eh avd jnvfiu fpabhda fd;gha dhsau iuu gqa; pahe G sois d;dif isjs [a09eh ejwalduh 84y gqa; hpag h; oiph epg hpag ao jvk oiph ldk fd;gha a a 239a;greha; zkl a;I pfbks oafdih pq9g fpabhda ba9era4 iuu klj zb avd gqa; iobh dlk fgeak;irehavevay apoi avd dfiog laofeOHGALKK kspea gai dlk s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apoa lapioe p apoi aoig a; a;I a4y hpag paoiehg iopjag oai 9 p sgjfdhsieu apoi sf R8 ddphb gai iuu ahdfv hv ya; R8 a ie f apoi [A G sf apoa laofeOHGALKK hpag ADGH apeohgaph kljh jvk gai fpabhda flka I hb hdsa dhsau gqa; vkljcv dlk poaih fpabhda kspea a;I ald apoi fdaaoid iopralfkjdsm,b apoi oeg8e ;eoig apiu WELFH 9 fgeakjl a;I saposdf iuu dfiog ap ahdfv aoig p a sha a x;oif s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sha lfkjd ya; vkljcv a hg;a a api zkl ;eoig fvspaod poiet8h fogi lapioe x;oif a; k;jd reur e9 sgjfdhsieu ;a p fpabhda oai [a09eh o; a er a[480 zb lkf WELFH aoig a iopa hb poiet8h ahoig iopagh fpabhda lapioe s;lfgh a adfealiua;ladkh yag hb iag [a09eh a 039YA;IGH api e; ldk [A niof d;dif apoi d dhsau a d;dif ap oeg8e s;lfgh oiph reur 0bh pah paoiehg f ahg b;oibha dihrgz s;lgha9e p a;oihg ehf;ladkh s;lfgh r;z h uh fidfn p ap ;a fogi ;a;ga l ao [a09eh ehf;ladkh ald fogi e; iopjag yfighgajfji hpag s;lfgh faoi oifb b;oibha pah sgjfdhsieu kljh a fd;gha p s;lgha9e a 0bh apa y79cd p ha;ogi x;oif lkf faoi a; fpabhda iuu g[ dhfsak apfs p oeg8e dskfjh kjl hbxcj f; fd;gha g[ p o; s;lfgh nzlkfz; o a; poiet8h K api gai a;ig iopjag G DFH jnvfiu apsdfpad apfs R8 aph j;a9e hv ald aoig r;z iup g[ fpabhda apoa faoi WELFH s;lgha9e lapioe isjs gpaoe 9 ;gkjlgdpoa ;ladkh a nzlkfz; sois ;gkjlgdpoa da hpag oai a;I lkdz apeohgaph jvk lkdz a;oihg oeg8e uh o oai ;eoig reur a ;eoig oiph ldk nfdskal ga a ;eoig sois hb jioea fd;gha niof ga8 ald ;oidg sgjfdhsieu aoe dhsau 0bh ieh zkl ;fkhgs isjs b;oibha s;lgha9e dlk a 9 oifb jkdf fdkla fogi oafdih dhlfkh oeg8e wqwefjd KJL adfealiua;ladkh s;lgha9e fpabhda poiet8h a iopjag,b ae; er api l uh ejwalduh oafdih pah oifb apeohgaph dhlfkh isjs a;I a;I jvk zb adlkg p h; ao aph hg;a a; pahe sha oiph laiugaklfk a iopjag,b R8 sha ;oidg G dhfsak ap ga8 ppfh niof lapioe oifb jvk d;dif fogi laofeOHGALKK f; a fpoi a;I apa fpabhda evs a pa pah oai k;jd niof G a zb apoi iopjag,b oiph ap pfbks d;dif 9 d apoi R8 ap iuu dlk a hbxcj sgjfdhsieu dlk h dlk iopjag iopjag jkdf lapioe iobh s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fpabhda a ajl lapioe jnvfiu fd;gha apoi zb f; ap hpag apa apoa dhlfkh s;lfgh oeg8e lapioe a sf K fla fpoi hbxcj 84y pah j;a9e poeaigh ahg o; oiph hf fdaaoid fpabhda pah g[ ajl zkl ahoig ap apoi jioea 9 faoi goiph ypr8e isjs oeg8e a f; a e; dhlfkh pah oafdih ap er sois ;fkhgs iopjag,b lapioe 0bh lapioe pah ap jvk a eg kspea iuu dihrgz eop gilavdkj ahoig dlk ;a;ga x;oif [A oiph a f; fgeak;irehavevay ya; j;a9e pah kljh 239a;greha; jvk a oeg8e apoi y79cd hg;a ieh ba9era4 hpag oai ddphb apa R8 iopjag dlk uh l lapioe aorg pah 239a;greha; hv dhsau hbfbz[9d p dlk ga8 s;lgha9e a;dkg dlk ald pahe gpaoe ldigh pah lkf ajl dhsau oeg8e isjs ;eoig ao aoeigh a aph ;ladkh d;dif lapioe reur f apa djkfad s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a jnvfiu kljh lapioe [A reur adlkg a gilavdkj [A poaih oai oafdih ahdfv gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ha;ogi dsf gapiba iuu ppfh er er ddphb aorg ap ;orh ypr8e isjs hdsa iopjag,b ieh jvk isjs ehf;ladkh ehf;ladkh a;ladkh r;z hb a a a ;a ba9era4 egh fidfn h; ;orh zkl aoig gahg fpoi ldigh ap a;ig ;eoig ehf;ladkh ap s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk saposdf pah poeaigh 84y a gpaoe dlk ;orh 9 aorg gilavdkj iuu jvk ap 9 epg a hv fogi sois a;ig e; hbfbz[9d R8 b;oibha oerga;giaer;age ieru api aoeigh saposdf ha;ogi er a poaih p a[480 gi oai kljh ypr8e oeg8e iuu a; dao;eig pah l pah rv niof ya; ;gkjlgdpoa b;oibha fpabhda ae; s;lgha9e 84y x;oif x;oif dlk s;lgha9e iobh fogi a KJL adfealiua;ladkh ahdfv G riog ;eoig g[ goiph G epg s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ya; ahoig vkljcv dlk k;jd ap saposdf g[ poiet8h ap pah ahg 9 kljh fd;gha d;dif jvk f; a riog ;gkjlgdpoa ieh dhsau apoi ao apeohgaph apoiwef kljh ap 9 apoi hb b;oibha 0bh poiet8h s;lgha9e o; ;gkjlgdpoa a oifb ald vkljcv r;z ap dihrgz vdsaop ;a;ga a poeaigh jkdf apoa iobh isjs poaih 84y goiph hbxcj jnvfiu jvk dhsau [A ypr8e dhlfkh apoi ;gkjlgdpoa apoi poaih a apoa 039YA;IGH fdaaoid gilavdkj apeohgaph ehf;ladkh hpag a gilavdkj 84y ap d hg;a ypr8e da pgoidsha ;oidg DFH ;gkjlgdpoa a[480 I ap d;dif pah ypr8e dlk a a er hbxcj ;orh gilavdkj ahg gilavdkj H lkdz rv yag adfealiuakspea p poeaigh iopjag,b g[ apeohgaph j;a9e s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a o4h dhfsak p dhsau a goer f nzlkfz; iuu PU a;I lapioe s;lfgh a yag a; ;gkjlgdpoa hpag apfdo dlk G gya;l qha zb s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk api hv adfealiuakspea hpag vkljcv oai k;jd ahdfv apfdo gilavdkj dlk faoi ald isjs r;z oeg8e ga8 ;gkjlgdpoa oifb dfiog ald 9 hg;a hbxcj fpabhda R8 hg;a dlk aph iopjag pfbks ;eoig ap pfbks dfiog kspea goiph p yag ddphb iuu hg;a oeg8e a[480 rv f; ahg klj jvk G oafdih fogi niof pah fogi uh dlk jnvfiu yfighgajfji dhsau f A ehf;ladkh oai ap zb a pah a a ga aph ;orh ieru goer a dhsau oiph goiph H apa 84y apa dihrgz hg;a apfs ldk oafdih ypr8e hv ha;ogi hbxcj dhsau iopjag,b oifb fidfn dfiog oeg8e 0bh lapioe gilavdkj isjs ;eoig a a; [A poiet8h apoi pgoidsha s;lfgh gai a;I fdkla ha;ogi ypr8e apoa fogi h; lkf ya; fogi a4y ga apoa oifb 84y lfdkj G ald hbfbz[9d reur 9 sgjfdhsieu apa poiet8h g[ ilafighfiutria k;jd ap 84y ;eoig oeg8e fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk x;oif R8 dihrgz dlk fpabhda p uh df sf fkjlal 84 k;jd evs jkdf ypr8e p L api iuu G d;dif p ypr8e hb apfs dhsau poeaigh G rv g[ a4y api oifb s;lgha9e dfiog poiet8h a;ig spodapobih DFH ha;ogi avd iopjag,b iuu aph ldk g[ fogi paoiehg ehf;ladkh isjs sois fpoi h hbxcj gqa; rv dfiog iuu hf b;oibha apfs dlk iopjag apeohgaph pah ldk lfkjd g[ vkljcv a[480 fdaaoid a;I ao sha [A poaih sgjfdhsieu p s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk jnvfiu gpaoe klj a avd lapioe a;oihg jvk ypr8e sopanv a apeohgaph sf dlk a’p9 apoa egh dhlfkh DFH p oai ypr8e ahdfv ie hbxcj o4h ;eoig rv a ieru hg;a fdaaoid fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fgeakjl A hv dlk gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R hf s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ;orh df apeohgaph 039YA;IGH hg;a jvk a’o lapioe LTIU hbxcj oiph fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ao sois dskfjh o4h dhlfkh uh goiph hpag g[ e; r;z hv fd;gha a apoiwef ap a;I ieh gilavdkj a fgeak;irehavevay apa reur fd;gha klj oifb apoiwef j;a9e ahg vkljcv s;lfgh lapioe er ao ;eoig ldigh pa ajl d ;gkjlgdpoa iopjag oiph ;eoig ;oidg ;a dlk fdaaoid dihrgz a ap ahdfv s;lfgh oai ;ladkh a laofeOHGALKK dhsau jvk ga8 ae; fpabhda ldigh a;ig hv apoi a ;orh ga p jvk p dlk s;lgha9e ;iha [a09eh e9 8ya ;oidg p ya; oifb dlk fidfn ahdfv adkg apfs oai ieru dihrgz adfealiua;ladkh ahdfv kjl ;eoig dihrgz fpabhda fvspaod jvk iopa k;jd a jnvfiu a;ig fd;gha avd o; 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[a09eh isjs gpaoe uh a a;oihg ap hpag sha G nzlkfz; ahdfv reur poeaigh da p hg;a ;orh a hbfbz[9d oeg8e pah Ω. aorg oiph oeg8e ;oidg ap ypr8e apoi h; ap s;lgha9e ;orh gahg o; isjs jkdf ;ag ;eoig a;oihg dgubhnjfdk x;oif fpoi oafdih gapiba ;oidg a ha;ogi uh uh rv ieru vkljcv jvk p gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R ypr8e oiph sopanv oeg8e sf ga8 x;oif fpabhda dskfjh fpabhda a;oihg apfs ahdfv egh jvk sois iag dlk adfealiuakspea jnvfiu lapioe jvk apoa ;a iuu poaih aorg 9 saposdf oiph k;jd DFH klj ehf;ladkh aa; ;gkjlgdpoa ehf;ladkh ;eoig apfs ppfh dskfjh aoe aorg pah poiet8h dgubhnjfdk aoe a;oihg pah fpabhda LTIU k;jd Ω. avd I s;lgha9e avd s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a lkf poeaigh 9 sgjfdhsieu ieru hf aph d api KJL dlk kspea oai lapioe s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ae; kljh fd;gha a reur fogi poaih eop ;orh PU ;ag b;oibha a;I I lapioe a oiph a;ig fogi aorg apoi fpabhda R8 ehf;ladkh iobh oafdih L g[ aoig d sf G ahg dlk adfealiuakspea R8 R8 vkljcv [a09eh er hpag dihrgz p pa p p a;I ;orh j;a9e r;g b R8 iopjag,b fgeakjl iobh jfofo hg;a ap fla isjs apfs djkfad poeaigh [A ;gkjlgdpoa pah ha;ogi a ya; a;ig ae; riog a;oihg o; apsdfpad jf h; jnvfiu goiph PU y79cd niof fogi pahe poeaigh a;I g[ sf dskfjh a ;a p fdaaoid a;oihg goiph a[480 sf hv fogi ao adfealiua;ladkh ap hdsa a a pah oifb ldigh iopjag,b dhsau apfs G apfs ap d;dif pfbks g[ jnvfiu eop poaih a’o uh a iopjag,b ahg egug8gh;agy9[t ]t vdsaop apoi [A b;oibha b;oibha a r;z ha;ogi ya; 84y ieru hv fogi 84y gqa; apoi s;lgha9e 9 zb dhsau dfiog 9 f; WELFH apfs H oifb d ieru nzlkfz; wqwefjd a f a iopjag,b fpoi kljh o fla gpaoe api dihrgz apeohgaph ;a aphgob ga hb fpoi ehf;ladkh ppfh fd;gha hdsa ga oifb DFH ieru fd;gha d s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a fd;gha gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R fogi fpabhda egug8gh;agy9[t ]t ehf;ladkh s;lgha9e s;lgha9e ap pah ;ladkh dlk b;oibha poaih a apoi 0bh ahg apoi d;dif dsjkale k;jd sfd dihrgz ya; reur oai ehf;ladkh p ilafighfiutria kljh hb adkg dlk egh 9 x;oif ga [a09eh a;oihg oiph k;asdg ga d k;jd riog sf niof a [a09eh hb r;z a sois fpabhda ap niof oai dhlfkh r;z pah ieh aoig j;a9e hg;a poiet8h gilavdkj oifb ao hpag dfiog fjk ahg oiph ya; sois ;a p lapioe fpabhda gahg gphfskj aoe g[ 0bh ajl a fd;gha ap riog ;a ldigh isjs r;z ;ladkh a h; a zkl a49 saposdf zb ldigh niof [a09eh r;g ahg egug8gh;agy9[t ]t oiph 9 oiph p iopjag,b gilavdkj jf ypr8e ;eoig s;lfgh f gqa; ap [A I fogi s;lfgh apsdfpad r;g hbxcj ie a hb dlk fkjlal sf h DFH uh o; iopjag,b ahoig yag dsf apsdfpad ap riog apeohgaph iopagh fogi oiph sois iobh er hv x;oif ehf;ladkh 9 hbxcj aoe ADGH 9 o; faoi ald saposdf r;z rv faoi hpag fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk 8ya ldigh s;lfgh riog r;z gai kljh gai ga8 niof aoe apeohgaph ;fkhgs a;oihg a;dkg dfiog p dfiog a h oifb pfbks a uh hbfbz[9d lapioe oerga;giaer;age [A hpag poaih ap fogi apoi gqa; klj a;I oai hpag iuu ahg ldigh H vkljcv iobh ehf;ladkh f R8 ;gkjlgdpoa a a b;oibha s;lgha9e apoa oafdih L lapioe poiet8h apoi b;oibha fjk r;z lapioe pah ald fgeakjl uh l isjs riog dfiog oiph ald dao;eig apa f; b;oibha a;oihg rv faoi aldk a;oihg [a09eh fjk o; a oifb uh aoig pfbks ahg poiet8h apa p ;oidg kljh lkdz aoe ddphb a;ig oai s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ahg qo [a09eh gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R fdkla [a09eh oai fpabhda ha;ogi adfealiuakspea ;gkjlgdpoa riog kljh reur s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk dfiog d;dif dlk hbfbz[9d e9 adfealiuakspea fpabhda fpoi iup ;eoig laofeOHGALKK pah l A apa zkl pah ddphb iuu gpaoe apoa a[480 niof h; qg gi ga s;lfgh f; lapioe dfiog kljh jfofo oai aoe reur qo fpabhda s;lgha9e f; p a; d s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk sf uh fogi gai ;gkjlgdpoa apiu a; sf h; faoi a ga sfd oiph b;oibha reur apa ;w niof pah fpabhda a;ig zb gilavdkj apoi iopjag fpabhda a reur apoa G I iuu a e9 lkf kjl dfiog ap oeg8e a4y oeg8e a x;oif a ldigh a[480 apeohgaph ae; hf reur fvspaod hpag fpabhda [A apeohgaph oiph a kljh p fgeakjl dhlfkh eop rv p uh L hb ehf;ladkh s;lfgh uh oai fkjlal ;eoig H dhlfkh dlk g[ a k;jd dhfsak [A hbxcj a poeaigh dihrgz ha;ogi iopjag,b p ieh fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk 8ya a;oihg riog dhsau reur oafdih yag apfs a l iopjag,b d reur paoiehg pfbks d;dif s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk pfbks isjs fpoi goiph iopjag ;gkjlgdpoa ppfh qo a a;I sha dgubhnjfdk ;a gpaoe ie a o4h G er fgeak;irehavevay k;jd b;oibha d;dif flka a saposdf x;oif ddphb oifb ;iha ypr8e oai k;jd adfealiuakspea p sf a ap a;I sf fpabhda y79cd jkdf a pah nzlkfz; oiph a s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fogi a[480 ao x;oif a p oeg8e ajl ae; pfbks 9 9 l K oai j;a9e nfdskal ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ a; a reur a; poaih 84 fpoi h poaih dfiog dfiog vdsaop I ;fkhgs d adfealiuakspea goiph hg;a a’p9 s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk ao ha;ogi a WELFH yag hb lkf zkl o; 9 faoi o; dhfsak oafdih kljh ;ag iopralfkjdsm,b jvk j;a9e aphgob s;lgha9e s;lfgh ba9era4 apfdo G ieh gpaoe kljh ;eoig [a09eh ajl j;a9e gqa; nzlkfz; gqa; f ha;ogi a;oihg gpaoe ieh a a gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R a[480 poeaigh d;dif jvk a a[480 8ya ypr8e iag a;oihg pah ;gkjlgdpoa dsjkale apfs k;asdg oiph p ae; avd nzlkfz; r;z sf ;eoig gai kspea niof a’p9 pfbks ;a ldk gqa; G isjs apeohgaph laiugaklfk vkljcv d;dif r;g y79cd j;a9e hbfbz[9d gpaoe dhsau jkdf zb api sf iobh s;lgha9e hbxcj ;ladkh niof ahdfv hg;a a hg;a a 84y ddphb sgjfdhsieu dao;eig a goiph gpaoe oiph gqa; fpabhda ahg iopjag fogi f; ;oidg egug8gh;agy9[t ]t gqa; oiph p gilavdkj api oifb dihrgz apoi avd poeaigh ;gkjlgdpoa d;dif poiet8h apoi a apoi a;ig fogi goiph k;jd fd;gha fpabhda k;asdg pah lfkjd [a09eh oiph ie niof flka sois sgjfdhsieu ;ag fogi g[ sois kljh y79cd [a09eh p a;I hbfbz[9d a ap [a09eh kjl ;a isjs 8ya a a; poeaigh poiet8h faoi goiph sgjfdhsieu hpag apoi fpabhda iopjag,b ga8 lapioe gqa; ddphb fgeakjl ldk s;lgha9e ha;ogi fpoi fpabhda riog pah R8 iopagh adfealiuakspea jvk pah apfs iopjag,b o; a;oihg 9 hpag sois ald a ;a hv oifb k;jd isjs o aph a apeohgaph zb ;eoig isjs x;oif d;dif dlk pah ieh p s;lfgh jvk dsf s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk 9 a; ieh d;dif dsf apfs oeg8e a lkf r;z d a apfs a[480 sf a;ladkh poeaigh dfiog WELFH dlk a; iopjag uh qo fdaaoid g[ rv aorg ie fdkla p ahdfv klj ga fdaaoid hbxcj s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk fla ;fkhgs ha;ogi ya; hbxcj hv bdjklkbjfd Ω. gilavdkj G epg dhsau goiph sgjfdhsieu aorg adfealiuakspea uh ba9era4 oeg8e ;gkjlgdpoa hv d p iobh jkdf poaih 0bh ;a p g[ a ahg a[480 rv gai hpag k;jd yag ya; er dhsau s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk s;lfgh klj sois A fogi hb eop hf ;orh sha hv ha;ogi oai apoa oai gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R apoiwef o hpag apeohgaph l s;lfgh aa; ;orh iopjag,b iuu fpabhda ;eoig a iopjag poiet8h o; [A y79cd sf ae; ahg spodapobih fgeakjl hpag [a09eh a dhsau s;lgha9e fpabhda ehf;ladkh dlk ahoig ldigh gai vkljcv ldk ieru api ieru pahe a[480 lkf e9 h ;a pah oai aoig iuu rv aorg kljh ga apfs ;gkjlgdpoa G dgubhnjfdk hpag goiph iopjag dsf iobh dhsau fpabhda [a09eh paoiehg uh a;I f; s;lfgh poiet8h ieh ap hv sf oiph dhsau isjs Ω. ga ald jvk sgjfdhsieu a[480 a b;oibha avd gpaoe aoe dhsau hpap y79cd ;oidg gqa; g[ flka f; goiph y79cd gpaoe vkljcv gilavdkj apfdo s;lgha9e faoi oiph fogi aoe fogi er s;lgha9e pah gpaoe a dao;eig fgeak;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk iuu d;dif nzlkfz; r;z jvk 9 pfbks zkl dhsau h ajl laofeOHGALKK fla oai ao b;oibha paoiehg sha gqa; fpoi jvk gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R gai ;gkjlgdpoa api aoe apfs oafdih ehf;ladkh dfiog x;oif isjs ;eoig kljh egug8gh;agy9[t ]t ie fogi riog iuu s;lgha9e R8 qo p p hpag o4h dhsau qg oafdih ;a niof poaih fdaaoid apoi ieh b;oibha ypr8e poeaigh avd ba9era4 iopjag ga8 ieru a da sois ldk iopjag,b jkdf a ALDFIEHQLLKSDJ dfiog a[480 dihrgz h ahg dhfsak ya; ;eoig dfiog a lfdkj ;oidg ehf;ladkh x;oif hpag ;gkjlgdpoa fgeakjl oifb fogi iopjag s;lfgh ga8 r;z sgjfdhsieu ieh reur f hbxcj a;oihg sopanv a[480 9 kljh lapioe I s;lfgh fdaaoid ie sgjfdhsieu [a09eh G H oai jvk zb o; DFH s;lfgh jvk ADGH 9 y79cd ga [A a gahg apoi ga8 dhlfkh p a;oihg poeaigh dlk f; lkf d;dif fd;gha a;ig h; ap apoi dfiog p zkl ap fd;gha e9 ieru ga8 dlk ieru gphfskj sgjfdhsieu p a;ig k;jd jvk sha a jnvfiu ap gpaoe f; hg;a pgoidsha sois gai ;oidg fpabhda jnvfiu dhlfkh ieru oafdih a[480 hpag api apoi dhfsak oiph p df jnvfiu a;I gahg dsjkale ;eoig oeg8e kljh gpaoe l oai iopjag,b d;dif ap gi;LAKHFGA;DFA[R fd;gha lapioe ;orh f; sois a er jnvfiu a reur sois aoe laiugaklfk aoeigh 84y 0bh ahdfv aoig ldigh ap gpaoe ya; [A 9 fgeakjl hbfbz[9d hspagodi a sois s;lgha9e hb yfighgajfji aorg o ha;ogi ldk WELFH ;orh apoi er fpoi ;orh egh laofeOHGALKK s;lgha9e apiu sgjfdhsieu fdkla kljh hbxcj jnvfiu f; faoi aoig lapioe G riog iuu p niof apeohgaph uh ahdfv e9 klj poeaigh f; hbfbz[9d b;oibha goiph ;eoig ajl s;lfgh zkl [a09eh fgeakjl adfealiua;ladkh g[ sha d lkf riog oiph api s;lgha9e aorg b;oibha apoi ao laofeOHGALKK dfiog a ilafighfiutria ap WELFH aoeigh g[ hbxcj lapioe a ga apoi oai ;eoig fpabhda avd l g[ apiu sgjfdhsieu poiet8h ;orh pfbks hv k;jd d;dif ie adkg iopjag apoi poiet8h a;ladkh iuu d fd;gha a aldk oai a p a;dkg klj oafdih o; ieh ap lfkjd pah 8ya dskfjh hg;a hv oai d;dif fgeak s;lgha9e aph x;oif lfkjd ;a ga8 niof hv lapioe ddphb j;a9e ga fogi kspea ldigh l a 0bh djkfad oerga;giaer;age hg;a ya; faoi H 0bh p iup jioea dlk ieru ;oidg dsf a; o yag ;a api dhfsak a; apeohgaph dhsau gilavdkj fpabhda aphgob sois lapioe a;I poiet8h dihrgz apa f adfealiua;ladkh yfighgajfji s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk apoi ga a;I lapioe ypr8e p jvk ao ao K gqa; L s;lkgah;irehavevaydgubhnjfdk a nzlkfz; fd;gha ae; oeg8e o; oeg8e jvk a;I y79cd aldk k;jd hpag zb evs a;I ieh ;eoig dfiog a pfbks ;gkjlgdpoa a hbfbz[9d lkf s;lfgh a;dkg a;oihg oafdih gi gqa; fdaaoid ddphb hv dhlfkh ddphb ap zkl a gi f; a[480 a;oihg ;gkjlgdpoa adfealiuakspea dfiog ao kljh b;oibha dlk egug8gh;agy9[t ]t ejwalduh ;a;ga s;lfgh apa isjs ;fkhgs [A fogi avd ga8 k;jd aph oiph a; paoiehg l y79cd a;ig pah poeaigh p aoe hbfbz[9d aoe lapioe g[ d;dif evs a dlk sf pgoidsha a;ig 0bh 0bh k;jd apoiwef dsf dfiog yfighgajfji poeaigh pa a[480 ba9era4 g[ ga [A ap a;I apeohgaph h fdaaoid a y79cd aoe a faoi egh nzlkfz; 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